1. SPAIN’S MODULE 1: Cradle to cradle. Why there are no bins in Nature? www.lessonsfromnature.org

2. SPAIN’S MODULE 1: Cradle to cradle. Why there are not bins in Nature? Lessons from Nature principles: Nature optimizes (within the limits) Waste = food Nature provides multiple benefits General objectives: Understanding circular life-cycles on Nature Discovering the close-loop economy concept Analysing the weaknesses and strengths of a circular economy process by comparing it to a lineal production process Applying the circular economy concept when designing products PRINCIPLES AND OBJECTIVES

3. Why there are no bins in nature? As a starting point, there are some interesting videos to watch: Fruit break down (http://bit.ly/oM7G7N) Fruit break down http://bit.ly/oM7G7N Rabbit decomposition (http://bit.ly/Ihdps7) Rabbit decomposition http://bit.ly/Ihdps7 Forest dynamics (http://bit.ly/IiYz5H Forest dynamicshttp://bit.ly/IiYz5H The life cycle of a funghi in 1 minute (http://bit.ly/IP5FRU) The life cycle of a funghi in 1 minutehttp://bit.ly/IP5FRU Get loopy (http://bit.ly/IJHXDe) Get loopyhttp://bit.ly/IJHXDe Then, we can discuss about how nature works: Why there are not bins in nature? Why humans do need them? Where does our stuff come from? KEY COMPETENCES Observation Critical Thinking Analysis EXPECTED OUTCOMES Make students wonder where our stuff comes from and where does it go after we use it Getting to know about circular economy underlying mechanisms

4. Cradle to grave First, teacher should select an industrially processed food product (frozen chips, for example). Second, students will answer questions like those: 1.Where this food was collected/produced? 2.Where it was processed? 3. How it was processed? 4.Was it packed? What type of package? 5.How did it arrive to the place where you bought it? What pathway did it follow? 6.What is the price per kilogram? 7.How did it arrive to home? 8.How do we store it at home? 9.How do we cook it? 10.What do we do with wastes it generates? 11.How do we handle these wastes? 12.In relation with the price we paid for the product, does it account the actual whole cost of the product (i.e., production, transport, waste management, etc.)? In negative case, which costs were not included? KEY COMPETENCES Critical thinking Comprehension of a simple product economy cycle Observe how markets work Creativity Math calculations Teamwork EXPECTED OUTCOMES Development of critical thinking using a simple example of linear economy Getting to know how human produce stuff Finding out about the consequences of consuming local vs overseas products Realising about the consequences of producing non- biodegradable materials

5. As an overall activity, students will design a presentation (poster/slides) displaying the life cycle of that product. This scheme may include the energy/material inputs and outputs (wastes), together with the geographical pathway from production to disposal. Students will also estimate the length of this pathway and the CO2 equivalent emissions. Students will prepare a report showing the results and conclusions of their research. Cradle to grave Now we will study a natural example of food product that nature “puts in the market”: pine cone seeds (we can select other “products” as berries for example). Squirrels, mice and birds are the potential consumers of these seeds. They must pay a price for that, as long as they spread seeds to areas that are unreachable for the mother tree. Wastes are recycled providing nutrients to soil. All this process happens in short distances. As in the previous unit, we will analyse the inputs and outputs during the product life-cycle.

6. During the field work we will make some observations as: Product (berry, fruit, etc.) Producer (plant, shrub, tree) Product description (form, presentation, taste, color, etc.) Product consumers “Wastes” of the product once consumed (give details of who has consumed) Distribution of the producer individuals (age, sex, position, etc.) Then, we will be able to answer some questions similar to the Cradle to Grave case. 1.Where does this food come from? 2.Where was “processed”? 3.How it was “processed”? 4.Was it packed? What type of package? 5. How did it arrive to the place where you bought it? What pathway did it follow? 6.How much distance there is between the places of production and consumption/use? And the place where waste was dumped? 7.Could a consumer from a distant country have access to this product? At what price? 8.Would the producer be interested in carrying its product to a distant country? At what price?

7. 9.What is the price paid by the consumer for that product? 10.What was the benefit for the consumer? 11.Was it a fair price/trade? 12.How did the product reach the consumer? How much distance does it travel before being consumed? 13.Was it stored? How? 14.What happened to its wastes? As an overall activity, students will design a presentation (poster/slides) displaying the life cycle of that product. This scheme may include the energy/material inputs and outputs (wastes), together with the geographical pathway from production to disposal. We will emphasize that the process is cyclical (circular economy). Students will prepare a report showing the results and conclusions of their research.

8. Imitating Nature: cradle to cradle Just a simple example of circular economy: the lineal cycle of the product analysed first in “Cradle to Grave”, has been modified into a circular one attempting to imitate Nature. We will visit a local producer of potatoes (better if organic) to see how crops are grown. We will follow the product pathway to the local market, where it is sold fresh and non- processed. After consumption, wastes are recycled into compost that returns to the soil. The Circular Economy video may help: http://bit.ly/nMAOaU. http://bit.ly/nMAOaU As before we will analyse inputs and outputs within the product life-cycle and its impacts on the environment, society and economy. We will compare both results. Students will answer the same questions formulated in the Cradle to Grave case. Again we will design a presentation displaying the product life cycle. This scheme may include the geographic pathway from production to disposal, indicating the energy/material inputs and outputs at each step. Students will also estimate the length of this pathway and the CO2 equivalent emissions. KEY COMPETENCES Critical thinking Comprehension of a simple product circular economy cycle Observe how markets work imitating Nature systems Creativity Debate Math calculations Teamwork EXPECTED OUTCOMES Understanding how human economy can imitate nature's by moving from a linear to a circular economy Realizing about the benefits of the circular economy model Reflecting about local production and consumption and the reduction on our impact on nature

9. Finally, we will compare the posters “Cradle to Grave” and “Cradle to Cradle”, and then discuss about advantages and disadvantages of each system.

10. Applying circular economy Now is time to apply the new capabilities we have learned to solve real problems: first, we will choose a product, something simple (a pen, notebook, t-shirt…) to research the product life cycle and, second, we will redesign it into a circular one. Make a Prezi (www.prezi.com) to show your results to your community.www.prezi.com The upcycled greenhouse The last lesson illustrates how our wastes can be transformed in profitable goods while pollution is reduced (upcycling). For this part, we can use a comprehensive and practical activity, where students must build a greenhouse using mainly urban wastes. The first step would be the greenhouse design: students should look for a localisation to put the greenhouse and make an inventory of the required resources. KEY COMPETENCES Creativity Entrepreneurship Autonomy Teamwork Technical design Organization EXPECTED OUTCOMES Applying circular economy concepts in system designing Finding out about the economical and environmental benefits of being efficient Looking for collaboration when design a project

11. Students should obtain the required resources from typical wastes produced at homes or supermarkets aiming to minimise the cost and to maximise the waste uptake. Lately, students will grow and collect the crops to sell them or to organize a collaborative lunch/dinner at school. Urban crops (to share) Design a project to set urban crops in some spots of your town/city. Make a research about some similar projects, produce a video presentation of the whole process, a show it to your community at any social local centre. Furthermore, you can submit a project to the Local authority to develop some communitarian composting facilities or to rescue urban green spots with organic gardening (www.ortdipace.org).www.ortdipace.org Let's make home-made laundry soap (to share) Students will research how to make soap using human wastes (olive oil: http://bit.ly/IAraqE, sunflower oil or any other substance that allow saponification). Then, they can organise the way to obtain the materials and produce a little company of home-made soap.http://bit.ly/IAraqE

12. Let’s make compost (to share) A suggested activity to share and disseminate results, we will build and maintain a compost log. Videos where you can see how to do it: http://bit.ly/JwwpXf and http://bit.ly/IPyTP2. It’s quite simple. Then we will invite the community to use it to dispose organic waste. Students can design a project, a dissemination plan and a presentation to explain to their parents, families and neighbours how to organise this activity. Furthermore, students can briefly talk about circular economy.http://bit.ly/JwwpXfhttp://bit.ly/IPyTP2

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