1. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 0 Measurements of Target Single-Spin Asymmetries in QE 3 He ↑ (e, e’) Update of QE A y (E05-015) experiment Yawei Zhang Rutgers University

2. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 1 Outline Physics motivation. Existing world data. Experiment setup and kinematics. Target performance during experiment. Preliminary results. Summary and future plan.

3. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 2 e-N scattering: 2  physics: Study the contribution of higher order terms Physics Motivation … Leading contributor Higher order terms 2

4. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 3 Physics Motivation How do we know that an asymmetry is due to 2  physics? Born Approximation: Include 2  exchange: has an imaginary part 2 = X Born Term Interference TermHigher order + + X + X N. Christ and T.D. Lee, Phys. Rev. 143, 1310 (1966) transition amplitude: Real A. DeRujula et al., Nuc. Phys. B35 (1971) 365

5. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 4 Existing World Data A high-enough precision measurement does not exist! Make a precise non-zero measurement of Ay. Provide quantitative information about the imaginary part of the two- photon exchange process. 2-photon-exchange process provides a new way to study nucleon structure, in this case, an integral of GPDs.

6. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 5 Theoretical Prediction Expected result -1.35

7. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 6 Experiment Setup & Kinematics E 0 [GeV]E ’ [GeV]θ lab [Deg]Q 2 [GeV] 2 |q| [GeV] 1.251.22170.130.359 2.432.18170.460.681 3.613.09170.980.988 QE A y experiment (E05-015) was run from April 26 th to May 12 th in 2009 at Jefferson Lab Hall A

8. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 7 Polarized 3 He Target No free neutrons – they decay in less than 15 minutes! Why 3 He? 3 He and Deuteron are two good candidates for a neutron target. In 3 He the protons are nearly unpolarized, but in the Deuteron the proton and neutron are equally polarized. 86% 1.5% 12% F. R. P. Bissey, A. W. Thomas, and I. R. Afnan, Phys. Rev. C64, 024004 (2001)

9. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 8 Laser Beam Electron Beam Pumping Chamber (Polarization happens here) Target Chamber (Nuclear physics happens here) Transfer Tube Polarized 3 He Target

10. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 9  New lasers Narrow line lasers make more efficient optical pumping. 3D Holding Field Control New vertical coil together with existing horizontal coils create holding field in any direction. New Oven and Optics Better insulation, lighter weight and all three pumping directions. A Smart Target Automatic spin flip every 20 minutes using Adiabatic Fast Passage (AFP). Log and alarm. Hall A Polarized 3 He Target

11. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 10 Wow, 3D! Magnetic Field

12. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 11 Target Performance During Ay =51.4%+/-0.8%(Rel. stat.) +/- 5.4% (Rel. sys.)

13. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 12 Detector Package 1). A pair of Vertical Drift Chambers (VDCs) determine the trajectory of particles; 2). Two scintillator planes (S1 and S2) generate the trigger and the time-of-flight information; 3). A Gas Cerenkov detector separates e - /π - ; 4). A preshower and a shower counter give additional e - /π - separation.

14. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 13 Events Selection

15. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 14 Preliminary Results at Q 2 =0.98 GeV 2 Preliminary

16. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 15 Preliminary Results The asymmetry is clearly non-zero. Precision is an order of magnitude improved over.

17. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 16 Summary Electron A y results from QE region: – It is the first time to measure A y with high-precision (~10 -4 level) on a neutron target. – For Q 2 =0.98 GeV 2 data, original analysis was done by B. Zhao, two independent cross checks have been done by Ellie and Yawei. – Q 2 =0.46 GeV 2 results is available. – A y is clearly non-zero and consistent between L-arm and R-arm data. Future Plan: – Finish the Q 2 =0.13 GeV 2 data analysis. – Radiative corrections. – Proton dilution. – Finalize systematic uncertainties.

18. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Slide 17 Acknowledgement Thanks to the Hall A Quasi-Elastic Family of Experiments. Thanks to the spokespeople: T. Averett (E05-015, E08-05), J. P. Chen (E05-015), S. Gilad (E05-102), D. Higinbotham (E05- 102, E08-005), X. Jiang (E05-015), W. Korsch (E05-102), B. E. Norum (E05-102), S. Sirca (E05-102), V. Sulkosky (E08- 005). Graduate students: G. Jin, E. Long, M. Mihovilovič, Y. Zhang Hall A collaborations.

19. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Backup Slide 1 Backup 1 In terms of GPD moments A measurement of Ay has sensitivity to GPD model input Y.C. Chen etc., PRL 93, 122301 (2004)

20. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Backup Slide 2 Backup 2 What has been done : – Detector calibrations has been done for both HRS. (2009-2010) – Target density and wall thickness measurement has been done. (2009-2010) – Target internal temperature tests has been done. (2009-2010) – Target data quality check has been done. (2009-2010) – Detectors stability check has been done. (2010-2011) – Data quality check has been done. (2010-2011) – Target polarization at pumping chamber has been calculated. (2011-2012) – Use of different cuts to select the good electrons has been studied. (2011-2012) – Raw target single spin asymmetries have been extracted. (2011-2012) Different technical notes are available for different analysis parts.

21. yawei@jlab.org Hall A Collaboration Meeting Backup Slide 3 Backup 3