1. AP GOPO September 29, 2015 Akwete McAlister

2. Mass Media Newspapers, radio, television, magazines, and the internet. Media events- staged events that look spontaneous. Used by politicians, individuals, groups, institutions. Ex. Vernon Robinson http://www.wxii12.com/Vernon-Robinson-Holding- Machine-Gun-Social/4461466 http://www.wxii12.com/Vernon-Robinson-Holding- Machine-Gun-Social/4461466 Identify another staged media event. Why is it a media event?

3. History of U.S. Media Newspapers First newspaper in the USA was printed in Philadelphia in 1783 Media moguls in the late 18 th century were William Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer they were into “yellow journalism” What is yellow journalism? Major news sources in U.S. are NY times, Washington Post, and Chicago Tribune Newspaper circulation has declined in the last 50 years. In 1960 there was 1 newspaper for every 2 people, by 2004 1 newspaper for every 4 people http://www.newseum.org/todaysfrontpages/default.asp Look at the above url. Choose four newspapers in the U.S. and right down the headlining articles.

4. Broadcast Journalism Radio and TV news Who in 1936 promised to hold 2 press conferences a week on radio? Radio influenced how people thought about the war in 1940s it switched to TV in 1960s. TV influence on public opinion in Nixon and Kennedy debate in 1960. What was the public opinion on who won the debate by listening to the radio? Who did the public think won the debate watching it on TV? Why the difference?

5. Broadcast Media Rules FCC Federal Communications Commission created in 1934 to help solve problem of overlapping frequency Now FCC controls TV, radio, telephone, cable and satellite Three rules of FCC Prevent monopolies from overtaking broadcast market FCC says that station serve public interest Fair treatment

6. Objective Journalism Objective journalism connotes unbiased journalism or journalism that is non subjective (influenced by the aims of the journalists) http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2011/06/20/137 298761/jon-stewart-defends-mainstream-media- against-fox-news-sort-of http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2011/06/20/137 298761/jon-stewart-defends-mainstream-media- against-fox-news-sort-of Watch the 1 st ten minutes.

7. Investigatory Journalism The ability of the media to uncover and research situations that have political consequences. Examples: The Pentagon Papers NYTimes, Watergate in the Washington Post, W-S Journal http://darrylhunt.journalnow.com/frontStories.html http://darrylhunt.journalnow.com/frontStories.html

8. Media Conglomerates Newspapers and Television are big business. FCC (Federal Communications Commission) allows one owner to control up 30am and 30 fm radio stations Examples of Media Conglomerates are 1. Gannett Corporation which owns 87 newspapers and 21 TV stations 2. Fox Network (Rupert Murdoch) who owns 22 TV stations. 3. Does this trend limit or encourage free press in the U.S.?

9. News Formula Timely and Different News is business Best reporters are assigned to beats (specific locations where news typically comes from) Have you noticed any news formulas? What are they?

10. So how much does the media influence us? Political Socialization Selectivity 1. selective exposure – choose what you want to listen to or hear. An ex.) I can only watch FOX news because I agree with their journalists 2. Selective exposure – hearing only what you want to hear from the messages given Needs – pay attention to news that matters to me and my family EX) what are the gas prices? Recall and Comprehension Audience Fragmentation Why does the media not really influence how people vote?