1. (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Attacks on International Drivers Joint ITF-IRU Survey 2007 - 08 8th Symposium of Lawyers Geneva, 26 February 2010 Peter Krausz Head – Goods Transport & Facilitation

2. Page 2 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Do you feel safe? London Tube 11 September Illegal immigrants Attacks Border Crime Madrid & Russian train Turkish truck

3. Page 3 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Presentation Content  The Problem  Survey Objectives & Methodology  Key Results  Recommendations

4. Page 4 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 The Problem  Security = major concern across transport and logistics chain:  theft of goods, vehicles  physical threat and v iolent attacks on truck drivers - a growing problem  illegal immigration  smuggling …  Attacks: until recently, anecdotal evidence only > IRU/ITF survey  Security = major concern across transport and logistics chain:  theft of goods, vehicles  physical threat and v iolent attacks on truck drivers - a growing problem  illegal immigration  smuggling …  Attacks: until recently, anecdotal evidence only > IRU/ITF survey

5. Page 5 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Complexity  Multitude of actors involved: drivers, companiesdrivers, companies police / law enforcement agenciespolice / law enforcement agencies authoritiesauthorities trade associationstrade associations unions, insurersunions, insurers truck parking operators, etc.truck parking operators, etc.  Reporting, recording and monitoring = weak in most countries  Measures to combat crime = not or hardly implemented  Multitude of actors involved: drivers, companiesdrivers, companies police / law enforcement agenciespolice / law enforcement agencies authoritiesauthorities trade associationstrade associations unions, insurersunions, insurers truck parking operators, etc.truck parking operators, etc.  Reporting, recording and monitoring = weak in most countries  Measures to combat crime = not or hardly implemented

6. Page 6 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Survey Objectives  Better ascertain nature and scale of the problem; what each actor is doing  Explore methods used, costs (commercial loss, human suffering)  Propose practical recommendations for stakeholders  Better ascertain nature and scale of the problem; what each actor is doing  Explore methods used, costs (commercial loss, human suffering)  Propose practical recommendations for stakeholders

7. Page 7 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010  Survey conducted in 36 countries with at least 10 driver interviews or more / country (face-to-face [D, H, I, GB] and web-based)  Government participation from 24 countries  Survey comprises also 250 international hauliers/companies (specific company questionnaire)  Trade Unions (ITF, ETF)  Survey conducted in 36 countries with at least 10 driver interviews or more / country (face-to-face [D, H, I, GB] and web-based)  Government participation from 24 countries  Survey comprises also 250 international hauliers/companies (specific company questionnaire)  Trade Unions (ITF, ETF) Survey Methodology 2700 driver files analysed

8. Page 8 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 To keep in mind… for Key Results Several persistent factors hinder robustness of information:  Lack of systematic driver/company reporting & recording >> Authorities may not be fully aware of the scale of the problem  With few exceptions (UK, Netherlands): lack of consistent, targeted data collection/ monitoring on the part of authorities  Inadequate police investigation/follow-up in many countries  Better reporting & recording, data collection and monitoring needed! Reported survey information to be handled with care! Several persistent factors hinder robustness of information:  Lack of systematic driver/company reporting & recording >> Authorities may not be fully aware of the scale of the problem  With few exceptions (UK, Netherlands): lack of consistent, targeted data collection/ monitoring on the part of authorities  Inadequate police investigation/follow-up in many countries  Better reporting & recording, data collection and monitoring needed! Reported survey information to be handled with care!

9. Page 9 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Attack Incidence  1 in 6 (or 17%) of interviewed drivers attacked in the past 5 years (30% more than once)

10. Page 10 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Preferred Crime Targets * primary attacks (476); figures overlap

11. Page 11 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Attack Locations * primary attacks (476) %

12. Page 12 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Method of Attacks * primary attacks (476) ** Examples of “Other” include: armed robbery, being shot at and having stones thrown at the driver / vehicle. 30% 25% 10% 4%

13. Page 13 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Drivers’ Views  30% did not call the police: Why? lack of trust in authorities (12%)lack of trust in authorities (12%) language difficulties (5%)language difficulties (5%) fear of consequences (1%)fear of consequences (1%) authorities pay “no attention” (21%)authorities pay “no attention” (21%) no arrest of the criminals (2%)no arrest of the criminals (2%)  35% of attacks affected drivers’ working life; 25% had an impact on personal life; 9% resulted in seeking medical and/or psychological attention  18% reported adequate company support in case of attacks  30% did not call the police: Why? lack of trust in authorities (12%)lack of trust in authorities (12%) language difficulties (5%)language difficulties (5%) fear of consequences (1%)fear of consequences (1%) authorities pay “no attention” (21%)authorities pay “no attention” (21%) no arrest of the criminals (2%)no arrest of the criminals (2%)  35% of attacks affected drivers’ working life; 25% had an impact on personal life; 9% resulted in seeking medical and/or psychological attention  18% reported adequate company support in case of attacks

14. Page 14 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 AuthoritiesAuthorities 50125012 Are attacks tracked and monitored? 3796315 Is the government authority aware of attacks on drivers? %No%Yes

15. Page 15 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 AuthoritiesAuthorities  9 countries (37%) signalled contact person handling transport crime issues  14 (58%) reported no specific agency to deal with attacks on HGV drivers, truck theft…  9 countries (37%) signalled contact person handling transport crime issues  14 (58%) reported no specific agency to deal with attacks on HGV drivers, truck theft… 37% 58%

16. Page 16 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Companies  248 companies have replied  Aware of attacks: 50%; not aware 33% (rest: no reply)  Insurance: 40% provide drivers with some insurance; 22% does not provide any  Drivers’ recovery time: companies report shorter time periods than drivers  Company security policy: 33% - no new policy: 22% new measures  Driver counselling: 45% provides advice/training, 21% - none

17. Page 17 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Country Number of attacks mentioned in the study (2000-2005) Total traffic, millions of tonnes (2004) Attack per millions of tonnes Germany23268.90.09 Belgium64163.70.39 Spain70800.88 France140182.60.77 Hungary21161.31 Italy85104.50.81 Poland3932.11.21 Romania316.25.03 U.K.55600.92 Russia3435.10.97 * Multiple attacks (684) Attack Intensity by Country

18. Page 18 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Financial Impact  Direct financial loss identified in the survey over five years: Euro 12m  Extrapolated direct financial loss for a calculated number of attacks on international HGV drivers in 36 countries over five-years: Euro 7.217 billion  With indirect losses: 2 - 8 times Euro 7.217 billion

19. Page 19 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Recommendations – All Actors  Improve reporting, recording & monitoring of attacks on drivers of heavy goods vehicles

20. Page 20 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Recommendations - Authorities  Develop a policy, legislative framework & institutional structures for better reporting, recording & tracking  Establish a road freight crime unit to oversee this issue and serve as a contact point  Initiate, assist and facilitate the establishment of a network of safe and secure truck parking facilities, especially along key routes  Provide intelligence/information and advice to police officers, transport companies and drivers on trends...  Develop a policy, legislative framework & institutional structures for better reporting, recording & tracking  Establish a road freight crime unit to oversee this issue and serve as a contact point  Initiate, assist and facilitate the establishment of a network of safe and secure truck parking facilities, especially along key routes  Provide intelligence/information and advice to police officers, transport companies and drivers on trends...

21. Page 21 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Recommendations – Associations  Raise awareness with member operators of attacks  Promote industry guidelines for risk prevention and problem solution  Support and harmonise training activities on security-related issues  Cooperate with government authorities including national police and law enforcement agencies...  Raise awareness with member operators of attacks  Promote industry guidelines for risk prevention and problem solution  Support and harmonise training activities on security-related issues  Cooperate with government authorities including national police and law enforcement agencies...

22. Page 22 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Recommendations - Companies  Provide security awareness training for drivers  Equip vehicles with robust security devices  Increase depot security  Issue drivers with appropriate security and crime prevention instructions (route planning, parking areas, etc) and a clear policy on what to do if they come under attack  Increase discipline of incident reporting  Provide security awareness training for drivers  Equip vehicles with robust security devices  Increase depot security  Issue drivers with appropriate security and crime prevention instructions (route planning, parking areas, etc) and a clear policy on what to do if they come under attack  Increase discipline of incident reporting

23. Page 23 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 Recommendations – Drivers  Be aware of the risk of attacks to ensure personal safety, health and security as well as protect the vehicle and its load – including personal effectsensure personal safety, health and security as well as protect the vehicle and its load – including personal effects  Exercise all recommended guidelines & checklists to minimise risk of attack  Report all attacks to local police / authorities; your company  Be aware of the risk of attacks to ensure personal safety, health and security as well as protect the vehicle and its load – including personal effectsensure personal safety, health and security as well as protect the vehicle and its load – including personal effects  Exercise all recommended guidelines & checklists to minimise risk of attack  Report all attacks to local police / authorities; your company

24. Page 24 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010 www.iru.org Page 24 (c) International Road Transport Union (IRU) 2010