1. Mike Seidel (PSI, EUCARD-2) Efficiency of Proton Driver Accelerators – Introduction to the Workshop

2. Paul Scherrer Institut we are here Oase restaurant accelerators

3. some practical hints for this workshop lunch, coffee: foyer, this building dinner: Oase restaurant WLAN: eduroam, conf from PSI to Böttstein: Bus: …, 19:23, 20:23 walking: 20..30mins from PSI to Brugg: Bus: …, 21:15, 21:45, 22:15 walking: 2h this workshop is sponsored by Eucard-2

4. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 Particle Accelerators at PSI join the visiting tour Wed afternoon p-Therapie 250MeV, <1  A Swiss Light Source 2.4GeV, 400mA High Intensity Proton Accelerator 0.59GeV, 2.2mA XFEL 5.8GeV central controlroom Neutron Source and Instruments

5. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 the energy problem – a range of opinions green enthusiast: sun and wind offer plenty of energy, no nuclear, no fossil, skepticism on tech technology enthusiast: fast reactors, fusion etc. ; optimism about technologies contemplative: technological development is too fast, consequences not predictable, go slower! Fact information: David McKay, Sustainable Energy without the Hot Air withouthotair.comwithouthotair.com, talk: youtube.com/watch?v=-5bVbfWuq-Qyoutube.com/watch?v=-5bVbfWuq-Q

6. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 What is the impact on Particle Accelerators? for each new generation of accelerator facilities we want better flux, rate, brightness, luminosity.  typically needs more power! acceptance of these projects by authorities and the public becomes increasingly difficult.  Thus we need to work on that: – Improve efficiency of accelerators – Demonstrate efforts to improve efficiency to funding organisations / to public – Adapt our facilities to new sustainable energy production

7. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 Eucard-2 ? EUCARD = Integrating Activity Project for coordinated Research and Development on Particle Accelerators, co-funded by European commission, 2013…2017 coordinator: Maurizio Vretenar, CERN Networking Activities WP2: Catalysing Innovation (INNovation) WP3: Energy Efficiency (EnEfficient) WP4: Accelerator Applications (AccApplic) WP5: Extreme Beams (XBEAM) WP6: Low Emittance Rings (LOW-e-RING) WP7: Novel Accelerators (EuroNNAc2) Transnational Access WP8: ICTF@STFC WP9: HiRadMat@SPS and MagNet@CERN Joint Research Activities WP10: Future Magnets (MAG) WP11: Collimator Materials for fast High Density Energy Deposition (COMA-HDED) WP12: Innovative Radio Frequency Technologies (RF) WP13: Novel Acceleration Techniques (ANAC2)

8. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 task 1: energy recovery from cooling circuits, Th.Parker, A.Lundmark (ESS)  workshop Lund, 2014, ESS+MAX-IV task 2: higher electronic efficiency RF power generation, E.Jensen (CERN)  workshop Daresbury, 2014, STFC+CERN task 3: short term energy storage systems, R.Gehring (KIT)  dedicated session in workshop Hamburg, 2015, KIT+DESY task 4: virtual power plant, J.Stadlmann (GSI)  study group Univ.Darmstadt, Lab survey task 5: beam transfer channels with low power consumption, P.Spiller (GSI)  workshop CERN, 2014 and thesis on beam transport systems GSI networking EnEfficient links to all workshops on www.psi.ch/enefficient

9. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 Energy: Order of Magnitude Examples generationconsumptionstorage 1d cyclist „Tour de France“ (4hx300W): 1.2kWh 1 run of cloth washing machine: 0.8kWh car battery (60Ah): 0.72kWh 1d Wind Power Station (avg): 12MWh 1d PSI-HIPA (0.6GeV, 1.3MW): 240MWh ITER superconducting coil: 12.5MWh 1d nucl. Pow. Plant Leibstadt (CH): 30GWh 1d CLIC Linear Collider @3TeV: 14GWh all German storage hydropower: 40GWh CLIC, 580MW HIPA, 10MW ITER hydro storage car battery nucl. plant 1.3GW cyclist, 300W wind-power, 3MW peak

10. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 Lab Survey: Energy Consumption & Heat [Master Thesis, Eucard, J.Torberntsson, ESS] 10 in operation 2 under Construction Energy consumption Cooling methods Energy related costs

11. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 increasing solar- and wind energy contribution (taken from internet) renewables cause strong variations Impact on accelerators? energy management, but how? Germany

12. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 Energy management example: CLIC Study on standby modes Andrea Latina, CERN CLIC project predicts large power for 3TeV case: 580MW idea: prepare standby modes for high consumption times during day; relatively fast luminosity recovery from standby (challenging) model calculation includes standby power, startup times result of model with 2 standbys during day:

13. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 (generic) Powerflow in Accelerators public GRID Accelerator Radio Frequency Magnets Vacuum etc. Auxiliary systems cryogenics conv. cooling, AC etc. Instruments e.g. particle detectors conversion to secondary radiation (beam collisions, targets, undulators …) efficiency? direct beam application: p-therapy isotope production secondary radiation brightness, effective utilisation? neutrons muons neutrinos etc. exotic particles, e.g. Higgs, B-mesons synchrotron radiation figure of merit: secondary particles, X-rays on sample per KWh beam finally all converted to waste heat !

14. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 Why a Workshop on Proton Driver Efficiency? 1) Proton Drivers need high power and have many applications, are in the focus of interest. particle/nucl. physics neutrino sources muons RIB production structure of matter neutron sources muon spectroscopy nuclear energy / ADS transmutation subcritical reactor Thorium reactor 2) energy efficiency is one of the critical aspects for high intensity accelerators critical for high intensity accelerators: cost/feasibility low losses reliability energy efficiency

15. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 Proton Drivers – Concepts & Applications NeutrinoMuonsNeutronsADSRIB‘s Cyclotron Dae  alus 1 PSI-HIPA TRIUMF PSI-HIPAAIMA 2 TAMU-800 3 TRIUMF RIKEN RCSJ-PARC ISIS CSNS FFAGKURRI +ongoing studies 4 s.c. LinacPIP II 5 SNS ESS ISNS 6 ADSS 7 CIADS 8 FRIB operating in construction concept study 1 Decay-at-Rest Experiment for δcp studies At the Laboratory for Underground Science, MIT/INFN-Cat. et al 2 Accelerators for Industrial & med. Applications, reverse bend cyclotron, AIMA company 3 Cyclotron 800MeV, flux coupled stacked magnets, s.c. cavities, strong focusing channels, Texas A&M Univ. 4 FFAG studies, e.g. STFC, talk by S.Machida 5 SRF linac, Proton Improvement Plan-II (PIP-II), Fermilab, Batavia 6 Indian Spallation Neutron Source, Raja Ramanna Centre of Advanced Technology, Indore, India 7 Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System at Bhaba Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai,India 8 China Initiative Accelerator Driven System, Huizhou, Guangdong Prov. & IMP, Lanzhou, China

16. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 Sessions and Chairs: Workshop on Proton Driver Efficiency Mon, morningApplications of proton drivers, physics requestsJ. Grillenberger, PSI Mon, afternoonTargets, conversion to secondary radiationCh. Densham, STFC Tue, morningRF generation, methods and efficiencyF. Gerigk, CERN Tue, afternoonAccelerator ConceptsV. Yakovlev, FNAL Wed, MorningConventional systems and cryogenicsA. Lundmark, ESS idea: comprehensive approach to cover the entire power chain from Grid to secondary radiation at the user. goal:Assess state of the art and development potential for each stage. (comparison of potential of each link in the chain) R&D recommendations in each field. Workshop, not Conference. Grid Sample ? ? ? ? at each power conversion step:

17. EnEfficient PDriver‘16 we are looking forward to a lively discussion! [its a workshop, conveners: keep an eye on the time] keep a focus on the essentials of your topic for efficiency [beware the wide range of topics at this workshop] http://indico.psi.ch/event/Proton.Driver.Efficiency.Workshop