1. Etest Technique: @ Etest is a quantitative technique for: * Determination of MIC of antibiotic * Detection of resistance mechanisms. @ It comprises a gradient of antibiotic concentration on a plastic strip. @ The Etest strip is applied onto an inoculated MH medium. After incubation, an inhibition zone (elipse shaped) is formed along the strip.

3. @ The MIC is read from the scale in ug/ml. at the point where the inhibition elipse edge intersects the strip. @ Reading: ≤ 2 ug/ml : Sensitive 2 – 16 ug/ml : Intermediate > 16 ug/ml : Resistant

5. Rosco Neo-Sensitabs Sensitivity Test @ It is similar to Kirby-Bauer technique @ It uses stable antibiotic tablets instead of the less stable paper discs. @ These tablets are standardized for MIC determination.

7. @ The tablets are 9 mm in diameter and colour-coded. @ The tablets have a shelf-life of 4 yrs. @ Stored at room temperature. @ Recommended for developing countries.

9. Drug Assays @ Performed to: * Check if enough drug concentration occurred in body fluids to make cure * Make sure that drug toxic contents are very low in patient body fluids.

11. Techniques of Drug Assays: @ Plate diffusion technique: The drug is incorporated inside the medium. Simple but not very reliable. @ Filter paper disc technique: Simple but not reliable. @ Rapid drug assay: Using individual drug strips

13. @ Broth dilution technique: Better than the above 3. @ The 'Cup' technique: More reliable.The drug solution is poured into hallow glass cups or cylinders and placed on the surface of a plate medium already seeded with an organism sensitive to the drug. # Read zones of inhibition after overnight incubation. Concentration of the drug is read from curve below.

14. Concentration of the drug