2. 2 Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim grain Mummies & Khoiak festival BY Venice Ibrahim

3. Index - Introduction. - Grain mummies definition and constituents. - Khoiak festival. - Grain mummies and its relation with Khoiak festival. - Grain mummies in World museums. - Grain mummies in Egyptian museums. - Conclusion. 3 Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

4. Introduction Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim 4 Corn( grain) mummies “Osiris mummies” are not real mummies but false mummies and are considered as a class of religious artifacts consisting of a three- dimensional human like artifact kept in a wooden box (sarcophagus) with a falcon head, thus the process of their manufacture were during the Khoiak festival known as[ ka-her-ka ( sustenance upon sustenance) ]& originated from myth regarding the Egyptian god Osiris who is believed to be murdered by his brother Seth and revived by his sister-wife Isis. The death and revival of Osiris was celebrated during the fourth month of the season of the flood, when River Nile receded, Egyptians celebrated the Festival of Khoiak by shaping clay to look like Osiris' profile, seeds were placed in the "Osiris beds" to guarantee the crops would flourish and be revived like Osiris was.

5. Grain mummies definition and constituents 5 Egyptian Grain- mummies are defined as a class of religious artefacts where the recipes and stuffing materials varied both regionally and over time as well as there was significant variation in size, composition and moulds used to make them. Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

6. Corn mummies definition and constituents 6 In the late Third Intermediate Period (the second half of the eighth century B.C.) Grain mummies, “Osiris mummies” or “grain Osiris figurines, flourished, thus such figures were made from a mixture of grains or seeds, mud, sand, or clay covered by bitumen or black resin, all wrapped in linen bandages or shroud (Mummy shape) and placed in a coffin [wooden box (sarcophagus)] having the shape of a hawks head decorated with images of a falcon (God Sokar) and offered during an annual Khoiak rituals honoring Osiris. Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

7. 7 Corn mummies definition and constituents Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

8. Khoiak festival 8 Khoiak festival- was an Egyptian festival dedicated to the God Osiris, and was held during Khoiak month (mid- September to mid-October)- celebrating resurrection of Osiris from death and renewal of universe order of death and life cycle. The inscription at the Temple of Isis at Philae and the temple of Hathor at Dendera explains the preparations made for the festival. temple of Isis at Philae Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

9. Khoiak festival 9 Khoiak Festival known as ka-her-ka or sustenance upon sustenance, originates from Egyptian god Osiris myths who was murdered by his brother Seth and revived by his sister-wife Isis. The death and revival of Osiris was celebrated during the fourth month of the season of the flood as soon as the Nile River receded by shaping earth to look like Osiris' profile. Seeds were placed in the "Osiris beds" to guarantee the crops would flourish and be revived like Osiris. temple of Hathor at Dendera Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

10. Corn mummies& its relation with Khoiak festival 10 After he figures were made and stuffed they were moistened with water in a special ritual to germinate the grain ensuring the renewal of nature and resurrection in the afterlife (i.e.) it was considered as 'amulets of life' that shared with Osiris the same destiny of dying and coming to life again, assuring the resurrection from death and renewal of universe order of the cycle of death and life. After forming and preparing the figure it was coated by oils, resins, wax, and then gum was applied to the bandages covering the shroud to resemble a genuine mummy, and this was performed during the Khoiak festival. Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

11. Grain mummies in World museums 11 Metropolitan Museum of Art Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Egyptian virtual museum -2 in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York -1 in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston -1 in the Egyptian virtual museum - 1 in the Berlin Aegyptisches Museum Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

12. Grain mummies in World museums 12 In the British Museum, London In North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina In Brooklyn Museum, New York In Penn Museum, Pennsylvania In McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture, Knoxville, Tennessee In The Walters Art Museum Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

13. Grain mummies in Egyptian museums 13 Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim Grain mummy in the Grand Egyptian Museum Conservation center (GEMCC) Plant straw corona Magic ba ll Separated Osiris beard wax mask

14. Conclusion 14 In conclusion corn mummies had a ritual function and they were an important part of the annual Khioak festival, they were also made to ensure the mortality in the afterlife and regeneration of nature. Our unique example under study is one of a few available in world museums that explains and ensures its function, and that is why it has been well studied, investigated and conserved by means of appropriate scientific reversible treatments. Making sure that being kept in an optimum environmental conditions of preservation many coming generations will be able to receive their precious heritage and legacy that our great ancestors has left to us and our duty is to handle it in the best situation so as the legacy would go on and on. Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim

15. 15 Corn Mummies By Venice Ibrahim