1. SS6H3: The student will analyze important 20 th century issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. a. Explain the impact of the Cuban Revolution b. Explain the impact and political outcomes of the Zapatista guerilla movement in Mexico. https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/economics/communis m/ https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/economics/communis m/ The Cuban Revolution and Guerrilla Movement in Mexico

2. Independence In Cuba Cuba gained independence from Spain on December 10, 1898. The change from colony to republic was not a smooth one. Wealth generated by sugar production dictated Cuban politics. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cuban+revolution+for+students&=&view=detail&mid=5D417F5C A24FC19D7D2D5D417F5CA24FC19D7D2D&FORM=VDHSOP&fsscr=0 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cuban+revolution+for+students&=&view=detail&mid=5D417F5C A24FC19D7D2D5D417F5CA24FC19D7D2D&FORM=VDHSOP&fsscr=0

3. U.S. Military in Cuba The United States played an important role in Cuba after it gained independence. Many of the plantations and sugar mills were bought by Americans. In addition, Americans purchased many hotels and casinos. This attracted tourists from around the globe.

4. On the Verge of Revolution In the late 1950s, Fulgencio Batista was ruler of Cuba. He had been elected president at one time, but he later made himself dictator. That meant that he ruled without any controls on his power. Many people in Cuba were unhappy with his rule. Fulgencio Batista Picture from: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/COLDbatista.htm

5. On the Verge of Revolution Education and health care were not good and there was a lot of poverty. Fidel Castro led a group of rebels against Batista. Because Batista was so unpopular many followed Castro. Castro defeated the Batista government and made himself dictator in 1959. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cuban+revolution+ for+students&=&view=detail&mid=5D417F5CA24FC19D7 D2D5D417F5CA24FC19D7D2D&FORM=VDHSOP&fsscr =0 http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=cuban+revolution+ for+students&=&view=detail&mid=5D417F5CA24FC19D7 D2D5D417F5CA24FC19D7D2D&FORM=VDHSOP&fsscr =0 Fidel Castro Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4392634.stm

6. Castro’s Cuba Castro began right away to organize a communist government. He declared that all the property belonging to Americans now belonged to the government. All farms, factories, and businesses owned by Cubans also became government property. Fidel Castro with soldiers Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4392634.stm

7. Castro’s Cuba Castro had people who supported Batista arrested. Most were arrested or executed by firing squad. Cubans no longer had the right to protest against the government. Cuban newspapers, radio, and television were shut down. The government became the only source for news. Churches were closed, and all church property was taken by the government.

8. US vs Cuba The United States placed an embargo on Cuban goods including sugar cane. The Soviet Union became friends with Cuba. They also supplied weapons and other goods to the Cubans and bought their sugar cane. The Soviets helped to educate young Cubans and trained their military. Fidel Castro and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4392634.stm

9. US vs Cuba Castro’s government and the U.S. government did not get along well. The United States did not like having a communist country so close to Florida. Americans who owned land and businesses in Cuba did not like the loss of their property. The United States decided to keep the pressure on Cuba. It did not allow travel by Americans to or from Cuba. It also tried to keep other countries from trading with the Cubans. vs.

10. Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis, almost started a nuclear war. In 1962, Cuba gave the Soviet Union permission to build a missile launching complex. Missiles launched from the site could reach U.S. cities. U.S. President John F Kennedy demanded the missiles be removed. A tense time followed. The Soviets agreed to remove the missiles, and the United States said it would not invade Cuba. U.S. President John F. Kennedy Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4392634.stm

11. Cuba/U.S. Relations Relations between the United States and Cuba have not improved much in the past fifty years. There is still an embargo on goods from Cuba. Americans, however, can send money to their families in Cuba. In the early 1980s and again in the 1995, there were periods in which large numbers of Cubans escaped their island for America. http://abcnews.go.com/International/watch-history-us-cuba- relations/story?id=30146837 http://abcnews.go.com/International/watch-history-us-cuba- relations/story?id=30146837 Cuban boat people Picture from: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/jan- june00/us_cuba.html

12. Cuba/U.S. Relations The United States had been accepting Cubans who escaped. However, thousands were being “allowed” to escape. This caused a strain on relations between the two countries. In 1994, the United States agreed to allow 20,000 Cubans a year to enter the United States. The Cubans agreed to stop allowing so many Cubans to “escape.” Chart of Cuban emigration From: http://www.havana-guide.com/cuban- immigration.html

13. A lasting impact of the Cuban Revolution has been A. More economic choices for the people. B. Less need for trade with other countries. C. More leaders chosen by the people. D. Less political freedom for Cubans.

14. Which of these was an impact of the Cuban Revolution? A.Civic unrest spreading from Cuba to North America B. Increased territory for Cuba in the Caribbean region C. Decreased trade between Cuba and the United States D. Threat of nuclear war between Cuba and the Soviet Union

15. Which of the following BEST summarizes the impact of the Cuban Revolution? A. Fidel Castro gained control of the government and allied himself with the United States, making Cuba an enemy of the Soviet Union. B. The Spanish regained control of their colony in Cuba. C. Fidel Castro gained control of the government and allied himself with the Soviet Union, resulting in American distrust of Cuba. D. The United States defeated Fidel Castro and took over Cuba.

16. Guerrillas in Mexico The people of the southern state of Chiapas are among Mexico’s poorest. The land of Chiapas, however, is among Mexico’s richest. More than half of Mexico’s hydroelectric power comes from Chiapas. Natural gas and oil are found there, and much coffee is grown. Yet, the resources go north to fuel other Mexican states. Map of Mexican state of Chiapas From: http://www.travelchiapas.com/map/map-2.php

17. The Indigenous People Those hardest hit by poverty in Chiapas are the people of Mayan descent. Many of them do not speak Spanish. Most of them are small-scale farmers. They have less access to education and healthcare than most other Mexicans. When Mexico’s leaders run for election or make public policies, they tend to ignore the needs and voices of the indigenous. Indigenous people of Chiapas Picture from: http://www.travelchiapas.com/about/about-20.php

18. The Indigenous people Much of the best land for farming and ranching is controlled by a few wealthy landowners. They often act with the Mexican government in ways to benefit themselves. The population of Chiapas has been growing.

19. Zapatistas The Zapatistas are a group of Mexicans who support improved rights and living conditions for Mexico’s indigenous people. The group is named after Emiliano Zapata, who lived in the early twentieth century and fought for the rights of native people. In the late twentieth century; the Zapatistas were known for harassment and sabotage against the government. Masked Zapatista guerillas Picture from: http://travel.webshots.com/album/323138991qudIeL

20. NAFTA On January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect. This was an agreement to allow free trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Some people in Mexico did not like this plan. They thought that NAFTA would allow cheap farm goods to come into Mexico from the United States. The farmers in Mexico would not be able to compete with the cheaper food. Picture from: http://www.fas.usda.gov/itp/poli cy/nafta/nafta.asp

21. NAFTA On the day NAFTA took effect, a group of Mexicans called the Zapatistas took over several towns in their part of Mexico. The army was sent in to remove the Zapatistas. Fighting lasted for several weeks. A cease-fire finally ended the fighting. The Zapatistas did not go away. Zapatistas Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/photo_gallery/3137553.stm

22. Zapatistas Today Agreements between the Zapatistas and the government have not solved the problems the people have with the government. The Zapatistas have control of some small parts of southern Mexico. The Zapatistas argue that the indigenous people of Mexico need more help to improve health care, housing, education, and jobs. Zapatistas in traditional Chiapas clothing Picture from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/photo_gallery/3137 553.stm

23. Who are the Zapatistas? A. Cuban revolutionaries B. Mexicans who fight for the government C. Mexicans who want more power for the people D. Haitians who fought to free slaves

24. What has been the MOST IMPORTANT impact of the Zapatista movement? A. The movement showed that poor and native people matter and that their voice cannot be ignored by the government. B. Mexico went from being an autocratic government to a democratic government as a result of the Zapatista movement. C. Zapatista guerillas caused the collapse of the Mexican government. D. People from the Chiapas region have become wealthy landowners in their communities and leaders in their government.

25. Outcomes desired by the Zapatistas included: A. Local control of land and economic equality for the native people of Mexico B. Independence from Mexico in order to form their own country C. Profits generated from the passage of the NAFTA trade agreement D. Overthrow of the Mexican government and military

26. How does the Zapatista movement show the importance of citizen participation in government?

27. Summary What impact has the Cuban Revolution had on Cuba and the United States? What is the Zapatista guerrilla movement in Mexico and what impact have they had? What is NAFTA? Research pathfinder: