1. Cells and Organelles A eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes include plants, animals, protists, and fungi
They evolved from simpler prokaryotic cells (which lack membrane-bound organelles)
Prokaryotes include bacteria

2. A Prokaryotic Cell

3. A Eukaryotic Animal Cell

4. A Eukaryotic Plant Cell

5. Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelle which contains most of the cell’s DNA

6. Ribosomes
Not membrane-bound
Makes the cell’s proteins

7. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(rER)
Membrane-bound organelle that is continuous with the nucleus and smooth ER
Studded with ribosomes
Modifies proteins

8. Smooth Endoplasmic Retilculum
(sER)
Membrane-bound organelle that is continuous with the rER
Creates fats and helps with detoxification

9. rER and sER

10. Golgi Apparatus Membrane-bound organelle
Modifies, sorts and ships cell products
particularly proteins that are exported from the cell

11. Lysosome
Membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes

12. Vacuoles Membrane-bound organelles with a diversity of functions/types
Central vacuole- stores water in plant cells
Food vacuole- stores food until fusion with a lysosome
Contractile vacuole- expels water from paramecium

13. Peroxisomes
Membrane-bound organelle that breaks down harmful substances in the cell
Ex. breaking hydrogen peroxide (harmful to cell) into water and oxygen (both not harmful)
H2O2  H2O + O2

14. Mitochondria
Membrane-bound organelle that creates ATP (energy) from oxygen and sugar
All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria (including plants)

15. Cytoplasm Gel-like interior of a cell
Organelles and molecules are dispersed within the cytoplasm

16. Plasma Membrane Layer surrounding all cells just outside the cytoplasm
Selectively permeable membrane (only allows certain molecules into and out of the cell)

17. Cell Wall
Rigid outer covering of some cells including plant cells and prokaryotes
Provides protection and support for the cell

18. Chloroplasts
Membrane-bound organelle that creates sugar from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
performs photosynthesis
Eukaryotic cells like plants and some protists have chloroplast

19. Cytoskeleton
Protein fibers that spread throughout the entire cell that provide support and allow organelles to move around the cell
Cilia and flagella are specific components
Cilia