1. SLIDE 1 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES The Recorded Thumbprint Press Thumb onto Inkpad Press Thumb onto PaperResultant Exemplar

2. Describe What Do You See? FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Initial Thumbprint Inspection SLIDE 2 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

3. Bifurcating Ridge or Bifurcation Ridge Dot or Dot Ending Ridge or Ridge Ending FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Three Basic Ridge Features SLIDE 3 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

4. Bifurcating Ridge or Bifurcation Ridge Dot or Dot Ending Ridge or Ridge Ending FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Visually Simplify Ridge Structure SLIDE 4 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

5. Sometime we call ridge features above ridge events. The bifurcation splits and became two ridges. It looks like a fork. The ridge dot occupies a round or oval space. It looks like a period at the end of a sentence. The ending ridge abruptly terminates. It looks like a dead end road FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Simplify Descriptions with Amalogies SLIDE 5 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

6. 12341234 56785678 Can you use the fork, period and dead end road analogies to recognize these ridge features? FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz One: Ridge Feature Recognition SLIDE 6 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

7. Ending Ridge 1 Ending Ridge 2 Ridge Dot 3 Bifurcation 4 5 Ending Ridge 6 Bifurcation 7 Ridge Dot 8 Ending Ridge FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Ridge Feature Interpretations SLIDE 7 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

8. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Two: What’s Missing? SLIDE 8 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved What Ridge Feature is Not Visible?

9. Observation: Visually Simplify Structures These lines look like ropes. They can be straight, curved, bent or even circular. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Continuous Ridges: Ridge Lines That Do Not Bifurcate or Terminate (end). SLIDE 9 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

10. Examine the ridge lines in this graphic: How many continuous ridge lines can you count? Examine the distances between ridges: Are ridge lines evenly spaced? Does the white space vary in thickness? Do ridge lines vary in thickness? FINGEPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Three: Ridge Line Analysis SLIDE 10 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

11. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Four: Recognize Two Ridge Features SLIDE 11 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

12. Ridge Pore Structure Ridge duct where perspiration is released. Looks like small white hole. Ridge Edge Structure The irregular surface of ridges. Looks like jagged edges, not smooth lines. Pore structure is permanent, but it is not visible on all deposited fingerprints. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Four Observations SLIDE 12 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

13. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Five: What Do You See That You Haven’t Seen Before? SLIDE 13 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

14. Flexion Creases A linear depression in the skin. Look like small white cracks. 1.Can run parallel or intersect each other. 2.Not all fingerprints have flexion creases. 3.Creases do not distort the ridge flow. 4.Creases do not cause ending ridges. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Five Observation SLIDE 14 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

15. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Six: What Do You See That You Haven’t Seen Before? SLIDE 15 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

16. Incipient Ridges Ridges that are not fully developed and appear thinner than surrounding ridges. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Six Observation SLIDE 16 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved Not all fingerprints have visible incipient ridges. Ridge dots are the same approximate width as a ridge line. Incipient dots are much smaller than ridge dots. Look like miniature ridges or series of tiny dots.

17. Ridge Dots Approximately the width of the ridges. Looks like a period at the end of a sentence Incipient Ridge Detail Much thinner than the width of ridges. Looks like miniature ridges or series of tiny dots. FINGERPRRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Comparison Analysis Exercise #1 SLIDE 17 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

18. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Seven: Interpret This Ridge Structure SLIDE 18 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

19. Permanent Scar Complete and permanent damage to the ridge structure. Result of deep skin tissue cut and healing. Looks like a train wreck? FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Seven Observation SLIDE 19 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

20. What do you observe? What could you conclude? FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Comparison Anaylsis Exercise #2 SLIDE 20 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

21. Five Train Wrecks on One Finger? BeforeAfter FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Intentional Fingerprint Mutilation SLIDE 21 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

22. Do you recognize how the flexion crease does not change or distort the ridge flow? Do you recognize how the permanent scar shifted the ridges and changed their direction? FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Comparison Analysis Exercise #3 SLIDE 22 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

23. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Eight: Interpret This Ridge Structure SLIDE 23 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

24. Wart Temporary skin condition appears as a circular or round site of ridge distortion. Eventually will go away, leaving no trace of prior ridge distortion. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Unusual Skin Condition SLIDE 24 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

25. 197519952006 What do you observe? What do you recognize? What can you determine? FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Comparison Analysis Exercise #4 SLIDE 25 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

26. Q-1 Q-5 Q-2 Q-7 Q-3Q-4 Q-6 Q-8 FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Nine: Ridge Analysis Discussion SLIDE 26 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

27. Compare Ridges Q-9Q-10 Q-11Q-12 Q-13Q-14 FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Nine: Ridge Analysis Discussion SLIDE 27 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

28. Q-1: Ending Ridge Q-5: Continuou s Ridge Note Edge Structure Q-2: Incipient Ridges Q-7: Ridge Dot Q-3: BifurcationQ-4: Ending Ridge Q-6: Incipient Ridges Q-8: Continuou s Ridge Note Pore Structure FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Nine Observations SLIDE 28 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

29. Q-13 displays ridge damage: scar Q-14 displays ridge continuity: crease Q-9: Ridge DotQ-10: Ending Ridge Q-11: BifurcationQ-12: Bifurcation Q-13Q-14 FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Quiz Nine Observations SLIDE 29 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

30. What prominent ridge feature is displayed in this exhibit? FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITY Quiz Ten: Ridge Feature Recognition SLIDE 30 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

31. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Comparison Analysis Exercise #5 SLIDE 31 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

32. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Comparison Analysis Exercise #6 SLIDE 32 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

33. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Comparison Analysis Exercise #7 SLIDE 33 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

34. Bifurcations 4 Ending Ridges 5 Ridge Dots 6 FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Fingerprint Ridge Feature Designation Assignment SLIDE 34 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

35. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Numerical Plot Charting Exercise SLIDE 35 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

36. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Coordinate Plot Charting Exercise SLIDE 36 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

37. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES Comparison Pairs Exercise SLIDE 37 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

38. FINGERPRINT RIDGE AUTHORITIES The Challenger Comparison Exercise SLIDE 38 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

39. SLIDE 39 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

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41. SLIDE 40 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved

42. SLIDE 41 CLASSROOM FORENSICS TM & Scientific Inquiry Fingerprint Ridge Authorities Lab © 2006 FORENSIC PRESS All Rights Reserved