1. Semantic and geographic information system for MCDA: review and user interface building Christophe PAOLI*, Pascal OBERTI**, Marie-Laure NIVET* University of Corsica * CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, ** CNRS UMR 6240 LISA {christophe.paoli, pascal.oberti, nivet}@univ-corse.fr

2. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 20102/27 Objectives of this talk  Make a proposal for collaboration  Work for greater acceptability of MCDA  Use semantic web technologies  Introduce some impact on MCDA

3. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 20103/27 Objectives of this talk  European Working Group “Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding”. Series 3, nº 21, Spring 2010 –Obstacles and Avenues to Promoting the Use of Multi Criteria Decision Aiding, André Rossi :  « multiple criteria decision making aiding specialists still have relatively few interactions with industrialists and international institutions » –A note on integrating Geographic Information Systems and MCDA, Jacek Malczewski  « the problem of semantic heterogeneity caused by different meanings of data, terminologies, and models used in GIScience and MCDA has been recognized as one of the major challenges in advancing research on integrating GIS and MCDA »

4. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 20104/27 Summary  The semantic web –Why we need semantic web ? –Techniques and tools –Semantic data architecture –The geospatial semantic web  Impacts on MCDA –Define and use ontologies –Need of a specific framework/interface  Conclusion –Projects ideas –How to collaborate ?

5. The semantic web Technics and tools, semantic data architecture, geospatial semantic web

6. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 20106/27 Why we need semantic web ?  Query on Google « Paris Hilton », results: –Information on « Paris Hilton » the « people » –Information on the hotel « Hilton » at « Paris »

7. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 20107/27 Why we need semantic web ?  Data are structured but without enough sense A web page for a human A web page for a brother W3C

8. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 20108/27 Technics and tools  Semantic Web is founded on standardized protocols and languages of Web :Web –HTTP protocolHTTP –URI : Uniform Resource IdentifiersURI –The XML languageXML  In addition four open standards from W3C forming the backbone of the semantic web –RDF : conceptual model for describing dataRDFdata –RDF Schema : language used to create vocabularies, sets of terms used to describe thingsRDF Schema –OWL : language for creating ontologies, vocabularies more complex supporting logic treatments (inference, automatic classification,...)OWLontologies –SPARQL : query language for RDFSPARQL

9. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 20109/27 Technics and tools  Resource Description Framework (RDF) –Model associated with a syntax whose aim is to enable a community of users to share the same meta data for shared resources –Originally designed by the W3C in order to structure the information available on the web and indexed efficiently

10. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201010/27 Technics and tools  RDF Model and Syntax –The basic construction in RDF is the triple {resource, property, value} –The XML markup language is used to specify

11. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201011/27 Technics and tools  RDF example : –The title of the web site www.decision-deck.org is « Welcome to the Decision Deck Project website Decision Deck » www.decision-deck.org

12. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201012/27 Name space Resource to describe Property Value Technics and tools  RDF example : –The title of the web site www.decision-deck.org is « Welcome to the Decision Deck Project website Decision Deck » www.decision-deck.org <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> Welcome to the Decision Deck Project website Decision Deck

13. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201013/27 Technics and tools  How to define the meaning of terms? – example  title = « name given to ressource », defined as « dc »  « dc » corresponds to a schema (or ontology) from Dublin Core  Dublin Core : defining a precise list of some metadata related to electronic records  What is an ontology ? –An ontology is the exact description of things and their relationships –For the web, ontology is the exact description of the web information and relationships between information on the web  Web-based information can then have an exact meaning  Information on the Web can be processed by computers  Computers can integrate information from the web

14. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201014/27 Technics and tools  RDFS : RDF Schema, extension of RDF –Allow to define small ontologies  OWL : Web ontology language –OWL Lite, OWL DL, OWL Full  SPARQL : Query language over RDF data –Common principle in three clauses imitating SQL: Select, Where, Filter  SKOS : Simple knowledge organization system –Allows a standard representation of thesauri, classifications or any other type of structured and controlled vocabularythesauriclassifications

15. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201015/27 Technics and tools  RDFa: RDF in attributes RDFa –Put RDF into web pages, in the attributes  W3C Recommendation 14 October 2008  GRDDL: Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Languages GRDDL –Extract data from the current web  W3C Recommendation 11 September 2007 W3C, T Berners-Lee, Ivan Herman

16. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201016/27 Semantic data architecture http://www.clever-age.com

17. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201017/27 Semantic data architecture http://www.clever-age.com

18. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201018/27 The geospatial semantic web  Geolocalize the data  Make gelocalized data addressable using URIs  Allows locations to be related to each other using explicit semantic relationships in addition to simple geocoordinates

19. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201019/27 http://linkeddata.org MCDA ?

20. Impacts on MCDA ? Ontologies, interface

21. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201021/27 Define and use ontologies  Let’s not miss opportunities of the web 3.0!  Let’s use ontologies to –Share common understanding of the information structure among people or software –Separate domain knowledge from the operational knowledge –Analyze domain knowledge  Impacts –Increase trust and transparency –Increase results intelligibility –Enable reuse of domain knowledge –Reduce the problem of semantic heterogeneity –Contribute to expand a web-based GIS-MCDA

22. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201022/27 Need of a specific framework/interface  Need of framework/interface for knowledge construction, connected to existing MCDA-SIG tools –Import/export data  Need to define and publish on the web MCDA concepts –MCDA ontology  Actor  Alternative, action  Criteria  Point of view  Scale .. –Mapping with existing ontologies and database

23. Conclusion Projects ideas, how to collaborate ?

24. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201024/27 Projects ideas  Subject –"Semantic and geographic information system for MCDA: review and user interface building "  Main tasks –State of the art, survey of existing ontologies related to MCDA –Ontological analysis of a decision making process  Proof of concept –State of the art, survey of technology architectures for build and maintain a semantic and geographic information sytem –Proposal of a technical architecture

25. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201025/27 Projects ideas  Objectives and expected results –Formalize a decision-making process –Improve the quality of governance –Facilitate access to information for decision- making actors –Improve knowledge of the data available to decision makers –Facilitate automatic information research

26. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201026/27 How to collaborate ?  Call for proposals –PEPS CNRS : 2 years, ~20 k € –ANR  Master Internship –5 months, ~417 € / months  Contract PhD / Post Doctoral –Co-supervision –Opportunity for an employe of an institution

27. 72nd "Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding" Ecole Centrale Paris, October 7-9, 201027/27 Questions ???