1. Organization Theory and Design
Innovation and Change
Organization Theory and Design
Twelfth Edition
Richard L. Daft
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2. The Strategic Role of Change
Organizations must run fast to keep up with changes taking place all around them
Today’s organizations must keep themselves open to continuous innovation to survive
Three types of change:
Episodic change
Continuous change
Disruptive change
Change has become the norm today
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3. Stages of Disruptive Innovation
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4. Strategic Types of Innovation and Change
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5. Elements for Successful Change
Organizational change is the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization
Organizational innovation is the adoption of an idea or behavior that is new to the organization’s industry, market, or general environment
Change process within organizations comes from innovation and new ideas regardless of timing
Successful change includes ideas and creativity, need, decision to adopt, implementation, and resources
©2017+ Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

6. Successful Change Elements
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7. Technology Change Technology is a key driver of organizational change
Change is easily embraced by organizations with empowered employees
Innovative organizations are flexible and free- flowing without rigid work rules
Mechanistic structures stifle innovation and focus on rules and regulations
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8. Ambidextrous Organization
Incorporates structures and management processes that are appropriate for innovation
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9. Techniques for Encouraging Technology Change
Switching Structures – create an organic structure
Creative Departments – department for innovation
Venture Teams – a small company within the organization
Corporate Entrepreneurship – promote entrepreneurial spirit
Bottom-up Approach – useful ideas come from people and daily work
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10. New Products and Services
The failure rate for new food products is 70-80%
Producing products that fail is part of business
Reasons for success:
Innovating companies understand customers
Innovating companies successfully use technology
Top management supports innovation
Horizontal Coordination Model:
Specialization
Boundary Spanning
Horizontal Coordination
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11. New Product Success Rates
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12. Horizontal Coordination for Innovation
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13. Open Innovation and Crowdsourcing
Open Innovation- extending the search for and commercialization of new products beyond the boundaries of the organization and the industry
Crowdsourcing- soliciting ideas, services, and information from online volunteers rather than from traditional employees
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14. Achieving Competitive Advantage: The Need for Speed
The rapid development of new products and services can be a major strategic weapon
New product development is associated with lower development costs and greater success
Firms can address shifting customer demands
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15. Strategy and Structure Change
Organizations need to change strategies, structures, processes, and procedures more often to adapt
Many organizations are preparing for more change by:
Cutting out layers
Decentralizing decision making
Shift toward horizontal structures
Empowered teams and workers
Virtual network strategies
Incorporating eBusiness
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16. Organization Design for Implementing Management Change
A mechanistic organization structure is appropriate for frequent management changes
The authority for strategy and structure change lies with top management
Employee input may be sought, but top managers have the responsibility to direct the change
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17. Dual-Core Approach to Organization Change
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18. Forces for Culture Change
Reengineering and Horizontal Organization
Diversity
The Learning Organization
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19. OD Culture Change Interventions
Large Group Intervention
Team Building
Interdepartmental Activities
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20. The Change Curve
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21. Leadership for Change Transformational leaders
- Create a compelling vision
- Create an environment for risk-taking and
innovation
Leadership for Change: 80% of successful innovative companies have top leaders who reinforce the value and importance of innovation. Transformational leadership is well-suited for leading change.
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22. Techniques for Change Implementation
Establish a sense of urgency for change
Establish a coalition to guide the change
Create a vision and strategy for change
Find an idea that fits the need
Create change teams
Foster idea champions
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23. Techniques for Overcoming Resistance
Top management support
Participation and involvement
Alignment with needs and goals of users
Communication and training
An environment with psychological safety
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24. Design Essentials Change, not stability, is the challenge for
managers
 There are four types of change
 Organic structures foster innovation
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25. Design Essentials A top-down approach is best for change and strategy
Top managers must foster culture
change
The implementation of change can be
difficult
Planning for change can help deal with
resistance
©2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.