1. Integral Model Sources: Ken Wilber. “Sex, Ecology, Spirituality: The Spirit of Evolution”. 2 nd. Edition. Shambhala Publications 2000. Ken Wilber. “Integral Spirituality” Integral Books 2006. Ken Wilber, Terry Patten, Adam Leonard & Marco Morelli. “Integral Life Practice: A 21 st. Century Blueprint for Physical Health, Emotional Balance, Mental Clarity and Spiritual Awakening” Integral Books. 2008.

2. Over the last thirty-five years, Ken Wilber has developed an integral “theory of everything” that makes sense of how all the world’s knowledge systems – East and West; ancient, modern, and postmodern – fit together and can elevate our awareness. Drawing on science, psychology, human development. spirituality, religion, and dozens of other fields, Integral Theory is a revolutionary framework for understanding ourselves and the world we live in.

3. “…in an intellectual climate dedicated to deconstructing anything that crossed its path I would have to back up and start from the beginning, and try to create a vocabulary for a more constructive philosophy. Beyond pluralistic relativism is universal integralism; I therefore sought to outline a philosophy of universal integralism.” p. xi - xii

4. “Put differently, I sought a world philosophy. I sought an integral philosophy, one that would believably weave together the many pluralistic contexts of science, morals aesthetics, Eastern as well as Western philosophy and the world’s great wisdom traditions. … on the level of orienting generalisations: a way to suggest that the world really is one, undivided, whole, and related to itself in every way: a holistic philosophy for a holistic Kosmos: a world philosophy, an integral philosophy.” p. xii

5. Hierarchies Holons Arthur Koestler? Holarchies of Holons Four basic types leads to the four quadrant model: Individuals Collectives Exterior realities Interior realities

6. InteriorExterior Individual Collective Upper Left: Interior / Individual Intentional Upper Right: Exterior / Individual Behavioural Lower Left: Interior / Collective Cultural Lower Right: Exterior / Collective Social I It WeIts SubjectiveObjective Inter-subjectiveInter-objective Integral Four Quadrant Model. (or the Integral Operating System)

8. The Upper Right quadrant is perhaps the most familiar. It is the standard hierarchy presented by modern evolutionary science: atoms to molecules to cells to organisms, each of which `transcends but includes' its predecessor in an irreversible fashion: cells contain molecules, but not vice versa; molecules contain atoms, but not vice versa, and so on -- the `not vice versa' constitutes the irreversible hierarchy of time's evolutionary arrow. (SF1, SF2, and SF3 refer to higher structure-functions of the human brain, which I will explain in a moment.) But individual holons always exist in communities of similar holons. In fact, the very existence of individual holons in many ways depends upon communities of other holons that, if nothing else, provide the background fields in which individual holons can exist. Erich Jantsch, in his pioneering book The Self- Organizing Universe (1980), pointed out that every `micro' event (individual holon) exists embedded in a corresponding `macro' event (a community or collective of similarly structured holons). These communities, collectives, or societies are summarized in the Lower Right quadrant, and they, too, simply represent the results of generally uncontested scientific research.

10. The Beautiful (Subjective Truth) The Good (Intersubjective Truth) The True (Objective Truth)

11. Source: ‘Integral Life Practice’ Wilbur et al. Integral Books 2008

14. In the “Beyond Awakening” series Ken Wilbur talks about:“Beyond Awakening” The four quadrant model The different levels of development – structures of consciousness The increasing numbers of college students and staff who profess to be ‘spiritual but not religious’. It is important that we bring this key idea into wider public consciousness, as a cultural idea See also: http://beyondawakeningseries.com/blog/archive/http://beyondawakeningseries.com/blog/archive/

15. States: There are also states of consciousness – five great natural states that we all have – Gross waking states – riding a bike, reading, doing bodywork Subtle dream states – vivid dreams, day dreams, visualisation or meditations with form Causal formless states – deep dreamless sleep, formless meditation, openness or emptiness Witnessing states – the capacity to witness all of the other states Ever-present Nondual awareness – not so much a state, rather the ever present ground of all states

16. Cognitive Development proceeds from sensorimotor to preoperational to concrete operational to formal operational to postformal cognition to possibly higher modes… Postformal cognition supports pluralistic relativism with the pro’s and con’s of postmodernism Pluralistic relativism however is not the highest developmental level and gives way to universal integralism This Universal Integralism is the Wilber Model…

17. The Wilbur developmental model plugs into the Spiral Dynamics Model Drawing on Piaget’s well supported concepts of individual development: Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operations Formal operations Then, Postformal / Vision-Logic Which are aligned with Spiral Dynamics Model: Individual & Cultural ٧Memes Spiral Dynamics: beige: instinctual, archaic purple: magical, animistic red: egocentric, power blue: traditional, conformist orange: achievement, modern green: pluralistic, post-modern First Tier: yellow: holistic, systemic turquoise: holarchical, integral

18. Source: ‘Integral Life Practice’ Wilbur et al. Integral Books 2008 Third Tier Second Tier First Tier Return to slide No 22 Return to slide No 22

20. Epistemologies: Integral Methodological Pluralism “Eight fundamental and apparently irreducible methodologies, injunctions, or paradigms for gaining reproducible knowledge (or verifiable repeatable experiences). The fundamental claim of AQAL Integral Theory is that any approach that leaves out any of these 8 paradigms is a less- than-adequate approach according to available and reliable human knowledge at this time.” Wilber K. “Integral Spirituality” Ch.1. p. 33.

21. Looking at the four quadrants, we can examine each of them from an inside or an outside perspective. See more on an integral mathematics of primordial perspectives... This gives us the following:

22. InteriorExterior Singular Plural SubjectiveObjective Intersubjective Interobjective “I” Inside Outside “It” Inside Outside “We” Inside Outside “Its” Inside Outside Upper Left Quadrant (UL) Lower Right Quadrant (LR) Lower Left Quadrant (LL) Upper Right Quadrant (UR)

23. These eight fundamental perspectives gives us the following eight major methodologies, as follows... AQAL – All Quadrants, All Levels...

24. InteriorExterior Singular Plural SubjectiveObjective Intersubjective Interobjective Phenomenology Zone 1 Structuralism Zone 2 Ethnomethodology Zone 4 Hermeneutics Zone 3 Empiricism (eg. Neurophysiology) Zone 6 Autopoiesis (eg. cognitive science) Zone 5 Social Autopoiesis Zone 7 Systems Theory Zone 8 UL LL UR LR

25. Definitions / Explanations: Zone 1: Phenomenology Introspection, meditation, phenomenology, contemplation, etc 1 st person map of interior territory. Looks for direct experiences and phenomena. Feelings, ideas, thoughts, dreams etc Zone 2: Structuralism (See slide No. 15) (See slide No. 15) Systems theory and structuralism. Eg. Spiral Dynamics – 3 rd person map of an interior territory. Looks for patterns or the holistic structures that connect phenomena. (See slide No. 15) (See slide No. 15) Zone 3: Hermeneutics In religious studies and social philosophy, it is the study of the theory and practice of interpretation. Modern hermeneutics encompasses everything in the interpretative process including written, verbal and nonverbal forms of communication as well as prior aspects that affect communication, such as presuppositions, preunderstandings, the meaning and philosophy of language, and semiotics. Zone 4: Ethnomethodology Ethnomethodology is an approach to sociological inquiry introduced by the American sociologist Harold Garfinkel. Ethnomethodology's research interest is the study of the everyday methods people use for the production of social order. Ethnomethodology's goal is to document the methods and practices through which society’s members make sense of their world. Eg. Cultural anthropology, ethnomethodologist, or Forcauldian archaeologist UL LL

26. Zone 5: Autopoiesis Literally means "self-creation" and expresses a fundamental dialectic between structure, mechanism and function. The term was introduced in 1972 by Chilean biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela: Autopoiesis was originally presented as a system description that was said to define and explain the nature of living systems. An example of an autopoietic system is the biological cell. The, for example, is made of various biochemical components such as nucleic acids and proteins, and is organized into bounded structures such as the cell nucleus, various organelles, a cell membrane and cytoskeleton. These structures, based on an external flow of molecules and energy, produce the components which, in turn, continue to maintain the organized bounded structure that gives rise to these components. Zone 6: Empiricism Empiricism asserts that knowledge comes only or primarily via sensory experience. One of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism, idealism and historicism, empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions UR

27. Zone 7: Social Autopoiesis There are two primary approaches in applying autopoiesis to social systems. The first applies the formal aspects of autopoietic theory (e.g., organization; autopoiesis) to the social system itself. The second derives an explanation of the social system from the phenomenological aspects of the theory (e.g., the observer; languaging). These two approaches have demarcated the lines of debate over the years. Zone 8: Systems Theory Systems theory is the trans-disciplinary study of systems in general, with the goal of elucidating principles that can be applied to all types of systems at all nesting levels in all fields of research. The term does not yet have a well- established, precise meaning, but systems theory can reasonably be considered a specialization of systems thinking, a generalisation of systems science, a systems approach. The term originates from Bertalanffy's General System Theory (GST) and is used in later efforts in other fields, such as the action theory of Talcott Parsons and the system-theory of Niklas Luhmann. In this context the word systems is used to refer specifically to self-regulating systems, i.e. that are self-correcting through feedback. Self-regulating systems are found in nature, including the physiological systems of our body, in local and global ecosystems, and in climate - and in human learning processes. LR

28. Integral Post-Metaphysics Integral Methodological Pluralism can reconstruct the important truths of the contemplative traditions, but without the metaphysical systems that do not survive modernist and postmodernist critiques. In the post-modernist epistemologies, perception is replaced with perspectives. All perspectives are embedded in bodies and in cultures. The emergence of a ‘secular’ spirituality... Spiritual but not religious ?

29. Premodern traditions ‘Sword of Gnosis’ Modernity / Western Scientific Materialism with its requirement for objective exterior evidence, focuses on these two quadrants Note the taboo on subjectivity Postmodern perspectives Intersubjective truths and the social construction of reality Modern science rejects the very real phenomena disclosed by contemplation, as does the post-modern humanities

30. What are the implications of these epistemologies and perspectives for Knowledge Management? Discuss...