1. THERMAL ENERGY

2. I. Particle Motion A. Particles Moving fast will have heat and vice verse. B. Motion stops at absolute zero (-273°C or 0°K) C. Particles have potential and kinetic energy D. Amount of motion depends on state of matter (phase) Solid Liquid and Gas

3. BrainPop: Matter Changing State http://glencoe.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0078802482/student_vi ew0/brainpop_movies.html#

4. Particle Motion These are High Temperature Molecules

6. II. Temperature A.Measures the average kinetic energy of the particles B.Measures how hot or cold an object can be. C.Measured by thermometers and thermocouples

7. Temperature Scales Three Scales Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit

8. Teacher Domain: Temperature Video http://www.teachersdomain.org/resou rce/wnet08.math.measure.sys.wnette mp1/

9. III. Heat A.Transfer (moving) of thermal energy from one object to another because of a temperature difference. B.Flows from higher temperature to lower temperature

10. IV. Thermal Energy A.Total potential and kinetic energy of a material A.Depends on the mass, temperature, and phases of an object.

11. Thermal Energy Which beaker of water has more thermal energy? B - same temperature, more mass 200 mL 80ºC A 400 mL 80ºC B

12. V. Laws of Thermodynamics

13. A. 1st Law of Thermodynamics 1.Total amount of energy does not change 2.Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change form

14. B. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics 1.In the conversion of energy from one form to another, energy is lost in the form of heat. 2.Heat does not flow from cold to hot bodies without adding energy to the system.

15. VI. Specific Heat Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material 1 degree Kelvin A.Units usually J/(kg∙K°) B.Used to calculate thermal energy

16. Heat Transfer Which sample will take longer to heat to 100°C? 50 g Al50 g Cu Al - It has a higher specific heat. Al will also take longer to cool down.

17. VII. Heat Transfer A.Conduction 1.Direct contact 2.Solids do the best 3.Each material has a different ability

18. B.Convection 1.Fluid motion required 2.Hot fluid raises while cold sinks 3.Occurs in liquids and gases only

19. C.Radiation 1.No medium required 2.Transferred by waves 3.Radiant Energy Examples: Light, UV, and microwaves

20. TeacherDomain: Flash Interactive http://www.teachersdomain.org/resou rce/lsps07.sci.phys.energy.heattransfe r/

21. A.Materials 1.Absorbs at different rates Dark (absorb); Light (reflects) Rough (absorb); Smooth (reflects) 2.Conductors Allow energy to flow easily through it

22. Heating and Cooling Curve http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/ Matter/HeatingCurve.htm