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2. 2 What worked: Automatic: Panorama Studio 2 Pro Manual: “MosaicJ” plugin (http://bigwww.epfl.ch/thevenaz/mosaicj/) for ImageJ (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/)http://bigwww.epfl.ch/thevenaz/mosaicj/http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ Manual: Photoshop (very manual) What Didn’t: MICE (Microsoft), Panorama Factory, autopano, Fiji Stitching

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4. 4 Did not work with any of the examples I tried. It could be that the focal length:height difference is too great. Would need a greater tilt between image pairs or smaller working distance. Larger tilt angle Smaller WD

5. 5 Some promise but some way off quantitative. Height Map: Extended Depth of Field Plugin for ImageJ + smoothing http://bigwww.epfl.ch/demo/edf/ Animated using Scandium Noise level very high without smoothing. Frame:Frame variations very subtle 44 frames total – centered on Pit.

6. 6 There is so more black (black = no signal) in the PIT there is little we can do here from an image processing point of view. If only the Nb wasn’t so shiny! Cropped movie showing pit images over 44 focus steps

7. 7 What worked: Manual: Photoshop - Sung stitched the top and bottom row together after splitting each PS2P generated alignment. Very laborious 2-row re-stitching: Manual alignment: MosaicJ in Image J Obviously fairly tedious – however the “pre-mosaic” image assembly can be edited in Excel (or any of your favorite spreadsheet program) and the approximate locations of all images can be calculate from the 1 st few images. There is enough variation in spacing that all images require further tweaking. The program is very slow for these very large image sets (even on an 8- core, 24 GB workstation. Limited Output Size – cannot handle full scan – need to be able to export mosaic information to a program that can handle it.

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9. 9 Lots of images Lots of very large images – How do we share? Using my personal web page until I get complaints from our computer support group http://magnet.fsu.edu/~lee/image/nb/ e.g. Full equator panorama for TB9RI026 equator 7a+b http://magnet.fsu.edu/~lee/image/n b/TB9RI026/eq7a+b/Panorama/TB 9RI026_eq7a-b_pano.html http://magnet.fsu.edu/~lee/image/n b/TB9RI026/eq7a+b/Panorama/TB 9RI026_eq7a-b_pano.html Single png file of entire image is 72 MB

10. 10 A: Greater tilt between images (while maintaining the same distance between cavity surface and the detector). Perhaps >20 degrees Although it was not a problem for the low tilt set, we may have issues with inconsistent illumination for high tilt series. Grain boundaries? As the software that we used had a hard time figuring out if the weld seam was up or down it is not clear if even the 20 degree tilt will be enough to measure the grooves at the grain boundary. Roughness? The height-from-tilt software we have used is a “black box” so there is little or no control over smoothing – this will impact any roughness measurement.

11. 11 We had the most success with the through focal series – can this be improved? If the aperture can be increased (F-stop decreased) the reduced depth of field will give us greater height resolution by this technique. A larger aperture would mean that less of the surface will be in focus for any frame – which is not good if you want a quick scan of the interior. The cats-eye contrast from the interior reflecting pits means that we cannot get good height information by either of these two techniques.

12. 12 1. More overlap between frames (20% is ideal). 2. Uniform movement from frame to frame. For multiple strips we need the same angles for each frame. 3. More even illumination – the contrast between the left and right of the frame confuses the software. We do as much as we can correcting for this using blurred overlay correction in Photoshop.

13. 13 After the meeting Tom Nicol suggested that converting from color to gray might help with the processing. This should help processing and file sharing: For the TB9RI026 eq7a-b set the final png file size is 64 MB for gray and 201 MB for the color, the jpg files are 19 MB and 30 MB respectively. Memory intensive manipulation should be faster. Recognizing this, the slow program (MosaicJ) converts to a grayscale cache for manipulation and then reverts to color for the output, so unfortunately, it doesn't seem to help. Gray is probably no less realistic than blue!

14. 14 Qualitative not Quantitative We have good routes to impressive looking panoramas But... The goal of quantifying the height has not been achieved except at the coarse weld seam level. This probably at least partly due to the imaging system being so well optimized for getting a good in-focus image of the entire angular wedge. Alternative: Can techniques used in digital cameras like phase contrast image be applied? Nikon and Olympus Industrial may have something developed for another application.