1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPdPfsrTnMM&featur e=youtu.be This is the video form of my presentation.

2. Subjects which are going to be discussed  Funtion of Domain Name System  Size of Domain Name System  Three Important Components of Domain Name System  How Domain Name System is Affected by United Kingdom’s Law  Restrictions about DNS

3. Function of Domain Name System:  Its job is to distribute the domain names into IP addresses and vice versa.  Whenever a domain name is used, DNS automatically should translate the name into the corresponding IP address.  www.google.com translated to 13.201.5.78 www.google.com

4. Function of Domain Name System:  DNS also stores different kinds of information. A list of mail servers that accept email for a given internet domain could be an example.  The Domain Name System can also define the technical functionality of database service.

5. Three Important Components of Domain Name System:  There are 3 vital components which are related with The Domain Name System. They are;  Namespace (DNS Zone)  Database (name server)  Resolver (client).

6. Namespace  It is also called DNS Zone which is administrated for the responsibility of managerial. Its function is to constitute syntactic rules for creating DNS.  DNS zone can be consist of one domain or more than one domain and sub-domain.  It is separated like a hierarchical tree which tied as a lower-level of domain names.  Dots (.) have to be used to split the domain names which are strings of labels and they have to be in descending order of precedence from right to left.

7. Name Server  Name server is a type of program which completes the name-service protocol. It indicates the place to the internal system in a sense of human-readable notion.  Name servers are administrated to store the DNS records. Address records, name server records (NS) and mail exchanger records (MX) are the best examples.  It also uses these stored records from its database to provide a solution when a query shown up.

8. Resolver  A resolver is a kind of software program that is implemented to every internet- capable application.  It arranges how to formulate DNS queries.  DNS queries have got two varied types. They are recursive and non-recursive queries but DNS resolvers deal with recursive query.  If a DNS resolver could not find the correct address into a particular domain name at the first try, it will keep trying it until the correct IP address is found (see figure 1).

9. Resolver (Figure 1)

10. How Domain Name System is affected By Laws in United Kingdom?  If a company wants to be registered to a domain name within.uk, they start to deal with a contract of registration with Nominet UK.  Nominet is a kind registry enrolment, which arranges a public service to the.uk namespace in the name of internet community. Their mission is to come to an agreement for the application that a new domain name is suitable or not in order to their standard rules. Their criteria are available on the website http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/it&law/ch4_main.htm. http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/it&law/ch4_main.htm

11. How Domain Name System is affected By Laws in United Kingdom?  Some problems are investigated because of the regulations of the utilization of the domain names. The domain names have to be unique because if they are same with another companies name it can cause some legal problems.  In this situation trademark law is shown up. A trademark, which is significantly important in the business world, eliminates the possibility of using the identical organization or product by a rival firm.  The trademark registration is held by the UK Intellectual Property Office (UKIPO) in United Kingdom. According to UKIPO’s rights, owner cannot use an unauthorized tag on the products which could be identical to the mark which is registered already before.

12. News About DNS  (DNS joins IWF in fight against criminal online content, 2009) tells that The Domain Name System has become a member of Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) which is UK’s internet ‘Hotline’.  It explores contents which are illegal and their target is to decrease the number of sites that includes child sexual abuse content.  They also provide an opportunity to the hosting companies and internet service providers to fight with abuse of their networks with the help of IWF take-down service.

13. Size of Domain Name System  It is not possible to tell an exact size for The Domain Name System. DNS is available in most of the websites.  The greatness of the DNS can depend on the storable addresses.

14. Restrictions about Using Domain Name System  IPv4, which is an acronym of Internet Protocol Version Four, is a type of regulation which points out the addresses on the network.  IPv4 is based on 32-bit numbers which will be the same of just over four billion probable matchless addresses.  New websites are being composed in a very hasty speed because of on-going development of the internet. Due to this, the size of IPv4’s free pool is going to come to an end, a new internet layer protocol must be enrolled which is IPv6.

15. Restrictions about Using Domain Name System  IPv6, which stands for Internet Protocol Version Six, can be called the ‘continued generation’ of IPv4.  IPv6 will use 128-bit which will provide an opportunity to have wider range of unique addresses.  IPv6 is not compatible with IPv4 which will end up with a consequence that if a device is connected to an IPv4 layer and users want to connect to a layer with IPv6, it will not be feasible.  Figure 2 represents an image of IPv6 addresses.

16. Restrictions about Using Domain Name System (Figure 2)

17. Restrictions about Using Domain Name System  Domain Name System applications require different types of characters and length limitations because they all have to be unique. DNS names can be really long and complicated but shorter and articulate names are generally preferred.  According to RFC 1123 (constructs the network of the internet (TCP/IP) ), ‘A’ to ‘Z’, ‘a’ to ‘z’ and ‘0’ to ‘9’ are the only permitted characters in DNS labels. Somehow, going with the rules of RFC 1123 can lead the users to some problems on some of the networks such as Windows 2000 that still uses NetBIOS names.

18. Restrictions about Using Domain Name System  NetBIOS name uses extra characters which can waste much more time to alter them into standard DNS names.  Clarifications to the DNS Specifications (RFC 2181) illustrates that, the DNS labels can be in any binary sequence and it ensures the character sets of DNS names to be extended.

19. References  Barnes, V. (n.d.). An Introduction to DNS. Retrieved November 20 2011 from, http://www.htmlgoodies.com/beyond/webmast er/article.php/3473261/An-Introduction-to- DNS.htm http://www.htmlgoodies.com/beyond/webmast er/article.php/3473261/An-Introduction-to- DNS.htm  Computer Networks/DNS (n.d.). Retrieved November 20 2011 from, http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Computer_Networ ks/DNS http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Computer_Networ ks/DNS  Davidowicz, D. (1999) Overview of the DNS. Retrieved November 27 2011 from, http://compsec101.antibozo.net/papers/dnssec /dnssec.html http://compsec101.antibozo.net/papers/dnssec /dnssec.html

20. References  DNS (n.d.). Retrieved November 27 2011 from, http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DNS.html http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DNS.html  DNS Joins IWF in Fight Against Criminal Online Content (2009). Retrieved November 29 2011 from, http://www.iwf.org.uk/about- iwf/news/post/264-dns-joins-iwf-in-fight- against-criminal-online-contenthttp://www.iwf.org.uk/about- iwf/news/post/264-dns-joins-iwf-in-fight- against-criminal-online-content  DNS Zone (n.d.). Retrieved November 27 2011 from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_zone http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS_zone

21. References  Domain Names and Trade Marks: What’s in a Name? (n.d.). Retrieved November 29 2011 from, http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/it&law/ch4_main.htm http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/it&law/ch4_main.htm  Domain Name Terms -.CO.UK.ORG.UK etc. (UK DOMAINS) (n.d.). Retrieved November 29 2011 from, http://www.greenwebhost.net/terms/terms_do mains.htm http://www.greenwebhost.net/terms/terms_do mains.htm  Figure 1*¹: Forouzan, B. (2007). Example of Using DNS Service. Singapore: McGraw-Hill  Figure 2*²: Forouzan, B. (2007). Domain Names and Labels. Singapore: McGraw-Hill

22. References  Figure 3*³: Address Resolution Mechanism (n.d.). Retrieved November 27 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:An_example_of_theo retical_DNS_recursion.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:An_example_of_theo retical_DNS_recursion.svg  Figure 4* ⁴ : File:Ipv6 Address Leading zeros.svg (n.d.). Retrieved December 1 2011 from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ipv6_address_leadin g_zeros.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ipv6_address_leadin g_zeros.svg  Forouzan, B. (2007). Domain Name. Singapore: McGraw-Hill  Free Pool of IPv4 Address Space Depleted (2011). Retrieved December 1 2011 from, http://www.nro.net/news/ipv4-free-pool-depleted http://www.nro.net/news/ipv4-free-pool-depleted

23. References  Gaur, S. (n.d.). DNS Components. Retrieved November 27 2011 from, http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_thre e_components_of_DNS_named http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_thre e_components_of_DNS_named  Hostname (n.d.). Retrieved December 2 2011 from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostnamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname  Link Layer (n.d.). Retrieved December 2 2011 from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_layerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_layer  Name Server (n.d.). Retrieved November 27 2011 from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_server http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_server

24. References  NetBIOS (n.d.). Retrieved December 2 2011 from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBIOS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBIOS  Table 1* ⁵ : Complying with Name Restrictions for Hosts and Domains (n.d.). Retrieved November 29 2011, from http://technet.microsoft.com/en- us/library/cc959336.aspx http://technet.microsoft.com/en- us/library/cc959336.aspx  United Kingdom Trade Mark Law (n.d.). Retrieved November 29 2011 from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdo m_trade_mark_law http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdo m_trade_mark_law

25. References  What is IPv4? (n.d.). Retrieved December 1 2011 from, http://www.ipv6actnow.org/info/what-is- ipv4/ http://www.ipv6actnow.org/info/what-is- ipv4/  What is IPv6? (n.d.). Retrieved December 1 2011 from, http://www.ipv6actnow.org/info/what-is- ipv6/ http://www.ipv6actnow.org/info/what-is- ipv6/  What is the Domain Name System (DNS)? (n.d.). Retrieved November 25 2011 from, http://whatismyipaddress.com/dns http://whatismyipaddress.com/dns