1. Social Studies Project By: Julia Nations

2. Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny- belief that the U.S. was destined to expand from the Atlantic to Pacific ocean. John L. O’Sullivan came up with the slogan in 1845

3. Oregon Country Huge area of land between Rocky Mountains and Pacific Ocean. (north of California) The states that came from it were Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. Treaty with Great Britain Oregon Trail: 2,000 miles, started at Mississippi, went over Great planes and Rocky Mountains. Rivers; North Platte, Columbia, Snake and South Platte. Fifty-four forty or fight- Polk’s slogan that led Polk to victory against all odds.

4. Texas Main idea- Texans won their independence from Mexico and asked to be admitted to the U.S. Conflict over Texas: 1803,when U.S. bought Louisiana Territory. Stephan F. Austin earned name “father of Texas” because his leadership in populating the Mexican territory of Texas. He organized the first land grant. He was a spokesperson with Mexican government. Colony in Texas, 1821 In 1830, the Mexican government issued a decree, or official order, that stopped all immigration of Mexican and European families with land grants. The policies angered the Texans. The prosperity of many citizens depended on trade with U.S. Mexican president, General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, of 1833.

5. Alamo which was a mission, Battle between Texas and Mexico, in 1836. Texas declared its independence on March 2, 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos. Commander and chief of Texas was Sam Houston. Battle of san Jacinto: April 21, “remember the Alamo; Remember Goliad!”, killed more than 600 soldiers and captured 700 more. May 14, Santa Anna signed a treaty that recognized the independence of Texas. Sam Houston would not annex Texas because its another slave state and it would upset the balance of slave and free states in congress. Texas became a state on December 29,1845. When Texas became a state James K. Polk was president.

6. War with Mexico States included in territory were New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Santé Fe trail-the route William Beckwell took to santé Fe; Missouri river, Arkansas river, rocky mountains, and new Mexico Territory After trade started with New Mexico Americans began settling in the region. Mormons influenced culture in California. John C. Frémont wrote of California as a mild climate, scenic beauty, and abundance of natural resources. Some Americans said the benefit of extending the U.S. to the pacific would be safely bordered by the sea instead of by foreign power. The U.S. insisted the Rio Grande was the border for Texas. Mexico insisted that the Nueces River was the border for Texas.

7. Polk called an emergency meeting, He was very against it because he thought that if U.S. expanded west than southern states would bring in slavery in the new territory. Fredrick Douglas thought the Mexican war was disgraceful and cruel. The flag had a bear and a star on a white background showed the independent republic of California. (bear flag) Winfield Scott was sent by Polk to capture Mexico City. peace treaty Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 1848 Border of texas: Rio Grande New states from mexico: New Mexico and California 1853-purchase: Gadsden purchase States from 1853 purchase: Arizona and new Mexico

8. New settlers in California and Utah Gold rush: 1849, California, forty-niners Had to cross Sierra Nevada Countries that sent 49’s were Mexico, South America, Europe and Australia Boomtown- community experiencing a sudden growth in business or population. San Francisco grew from tiny village to a city of about 20,000 people. Levi Strauss: Jewish immigrant, made sturdy pants made of denim. Religious refuge in Utah; Religion; Mormons Founder; Joseph smith Joseph was killed by a mob in Illinois 1844 Brigham young took over Settled Near Great Salt Lake in present day Utah. Utah became a state in 1896.

9. Cause and effects of Westward Movement Causes Americans accept Manifest Destiny As the east becomes more crowded, Americans want more land The West contains furs, lumber, and precious metals Effects Native Americans are forced off their land. The United States wars with Mexico The U.S. extends from the Atlantic to Pacific