1. RULE 42 ON-THE-WATER JUDGING How to become an efficient judge? Finland 2013 Prepared by: Sofia Truchanowicz

2. KEY POINTS Prevent sailors from breaking rule 42 by presence and penalties Prevent sailors from breaking rule 42 by presence and penalties Tactical and Technical decisions Tactical and Technical decisions Positioning and communication Positioning and communication Give sailors the benefit of the doubt and protection against illegal sailors Give sailors the benefit of the doubt and protection against illegal sailors

3. PRESENCE AND PENALTIES PRESENCE AND PENALTIES The more visible you are the less breaches will be committed The more visible you are the less breaches will be committed Penalising for rule 42 breach controls the behaviour in the whole fleet Penalising for rule 42 breach controls the behaviour in the whole fleet

4. TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL BREACHES What tactical breaches do you know? What tactical breaches do you know? What technical breaches do you know? What technical breaches do you know?

5. TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL BREACHES Tactical breaches normally occur at the start; while crossing a right of way boat; at the zone and at the finish Tactical breaches normally occur at the start; while crossing a right of way boat; at the zone and at the finish Technical breaches such as rocking and pumping, occur around the course and are part of the sailors normal technique of sailing Technical breaches such as rocking and pumping, occur around the course and are part of the sailors normal technique of sailing

6. TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL BREACHES Judges can act independently when judging tactical breaches and impose a penalty even if the other judge did not see a breach Judges can act independently when judging tactical breaches and impose a penalty even if the other judge did not see a breach Technical breaches can only be flagged when both judges agree. The benefit of the doubt is given to the sailor Technical breaches can only be flagged when both judges agree. The benefit of the doubt is given to the sailor

7. GOOD PROCESS LEAD TO CONSISTENT DECISIONS Preparation Preparation Positioning Positioning Decision Making Decision Making Communicating and recording the decision Communicating and recording the decision Communicating with a sailor Communicating with a sailor

8. PREPARATION Equipment check Equipment check Knowledge of class specific rules and techniques Knowledge of class specific rules and techniques Discussion on conditions and possible breaches. Discussion on conditions and possible breaches. Positioning plan Positioning plan

9. DISCUSSION ON CONDITIONS AND POSSIBLE BREACHES What breaches can you expect in light winds? What breaches can you expect in light winds? What breaches can you expect in stronger winds? What breaches can you expect in stronger winds?

10. POSITIONING PLAN PRINCIPLES Look after your group of boats Focus on pressure points such as biased end of the line; crossing boats; crowded mark rounding's etc. Concentrate on the front of the fleet Prioritise starts and off wind legs Don’t be beside the other Jury boat Be highly visible at the start, first mark and finish

16. DECISION MAKING Good positioning Good positioning Good communication with your fellow judge Good communication with your fellow judge Gathering evidence Gathering evidence Reaching a decision Reaching a decision

17. GATHERING EVIDENCE How do you do it for…? Possible pumping Possible pumping Possible rocking Possible rocking Possible ooching Possible ooching Possible sculling Possible sculling Possible repeated tacks or gybes Possible repeated tacks or gybes

18. GATHERING EVIDENCE Possible Pumping Are there surfing or planing conditions? Are there surfing or planing conditions? Is the boat pumping while surfing or planing? Is the boat pumping while surfing or planing? Could the trim and release be a response to conditions? Could the trim and release be a response to conditions? Is the flicking leach caused by negative pumping (Pump 4)? Is the flicking leach caused by negative pumping (Pump 4)? Can you connect the flicking leach to the body movement? Can you connect the flicking leach to the body movement?

19. GATHERING EVIDENCE Possible Rocking Is the sailor causing the boat to roll? Is the sailor causing the boat to roll? Is the induced rolling helping to steer the boat? Is the induced rolling helping to steer the boat? Is the amount of rolling consistent with the amount the boat turns? Is the amount of rolling consistent with the amount the boat turns? Is it in phase with the waves? Is it in phase with the waves?

20. GATHERING EVIDENCE Possible Ooching Downwind : Is the sudden body movement stopped abruptly? Is the sudden body movement stopped abruptly?Upwind: Is there water flat? Is there water flat? Is the fore and aft movement in phase with the waves? Is the fore and aft movement in phase with the waves? How does it compare to other boats? How does it compare to other boats?

21. GATHERING EVIDENCE Possible Sculling Are the tiller movements forceful? Are the tiller movements forceful? Are they propelling the boat or preventing it from moving astern? Are they propelling the boat or preventing it from moving astern? Is the boat above close hauled and changing course towards a close hauled course? Is the boat above close hauled and changing course towards a close hauled course? Is the sculling offsetting previous sculling? Is the sculling offsetting previous sculling?

22. GATHERING EVIDENCE Possible Repeated Tacks/Gybes Do the individual tacks or gybes increase the speed of the boat? Do the individual tacks or gybes increase the speed of the boat? Are the tacks/gybes repeated? Are the tacks/gybes repeated? Can the tacks/gybes be justified for changes in the wind? Can the tacks/gybes be justified for changes in the wind? Can the tacks/gybes be justified for tactical reasons or wind shifts? Can the tacks/gybes be justified for tactical reasons or wind shifts?

23. COMMUNICATING AND RECORDING THE DECISION Be careful when getting in position to penalize and mind nearby boats Be careful when getting in position to penalize and mind nearby boats Whistle long and loud, point the yellow flag and hail the boats’ number Whistle long and loud, point the yellow flag and hail the boats’ number Non driver is responsible for all signals and recording Non driver is responsible for all signals and recording Record the boat number, short description of the breach, leg, time, and action taken Record the boat number, short description of the breach, leg, time, and action taken It is a good practice to record the tack on which the boat started and finished the penalty It is a good practice to record the tack on which the boat started and finished the penalty

24. COMMUNICATING WITH A SAILOR Always be available for a sailor - if not on the water then ashore! Always be available for a sailor - if not on the water then ashore! Let the competitor approach you Let the competitor approach you One Judge runs the discussion One Judge runs the discussion Explain why the competitor attracted your attention, what you saw and why it was a prohibited action Explain why the competitor attracted your attention, what you saw and why it was a prohibited action Don’t let the discussion become an argument Don’t let the discussion become an argument

25. GOOD JUDGING PRACTICE Refresh your class specific rules knowledge before going afloat Refresh your class specific rules knowledge before going afloat Discuss sailing conditions with fellow judge and likely rule breaches Discuss sailing conditions with fellow judge and likely rule breaches Clearly describe what you see Clearly describe what you see Give the benefit of doubt to sailors Give the benefit of doubt to sailors Protect the legal sailors Protect the legal sailors