1. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 1 Thoughts on Remote Handling (taken largely [almost entirely] from Vinod Bharadwaj) (also a RIA movie from T. Burgess, et al. of ORNL and an SNS Target Change from M. Rennick) J. C. Sheppard SLAC November 12, 2007

2. J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 2 ILC Positron Source Layout Positron Source locations within the ILC complex Positron Source schematic RDR design has two positron target halls

3. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 3 Target Hall / Remote Handling Projected ILC running mode –9 month run + 3 month shutdowns Target stations designed with 2 year lifetime –Replace target station every shutdown –If target fails then EITHER a “hot” spare OR fast replacement Radiation levels ~ 100 rem/hour immediately after beam shutoff –Remote handling needed Target hall deep underground –Vertical target extraction/replacement

4. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 4 Activation Calculations / DESY-Z

5. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 5 Source Activation

6. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 6 Time Evolution

7. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 7 ANL – Activation Calculations

8. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 8 Cu/Fe Activations

9. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 9 Target Remote Handling Estimated 53 hour replacement time (RAL initial look)

10. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 10 M. Woodward, RAL Cryocooler (if required) + vacuum pump + water pump Details of vertical drive for target wheel not yet considered. Remote-Handling Module and Plug Module contains target, capture optics and first accelerating cavity.

11. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 11 TRIUMF – ISAC FACILITY

12. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 12 Target Hall/Remote Handling Mini-hall concept Target station deep underground Excavation costs volume dependent

13. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 13 ORNL – RH Expertise Remote handling concept developed by RAL with input from SLAC. RAL stopped working on RH due to lack of money Approached ORNL to see if they could help: SNS and RSG Nuclear Science and Technology Division (Tom Burgess – Fuels, Isotopes, and Nuclear Materials/Remote System Group)Nuclear Science and Technology Division

14. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 14 Remote Systems Group Robotics and Remote Handling Specializes in development and application of advanced robotics, remote processes and handling technology for hazardous environments in:  nuclear fission  fusion  accelerators  radiochemical processing  environmental restoration  space exploration  military defense Future Armor Rearm System Spallation Neutron Source

15. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 15 Target Remote Handling Design Comments (by Tom Burgess, ORNL) Maximize hands-on access, minimize remote handling –Are utility and seal connections at top hands- on accessible? –What are shutdown rad levels? Shield rad-sensitive components to extent possible Assess lifetime of irradiated components (e.g., fluid seals, insulation, and other organics good to ~ 10 8 rad TID at best) Identify all remote maintenance / replacement / adjustment tasks and assess viability Modularize target module design based on component lifetimes, maintenance requirements and capabilities Any rad contamination expected?

16. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 16 Target Remote Handling Design Comments (cont’d) Develop conceptual target design including remote handling equipment and facility support features Transferring target module to a cask and moving it to a hot cell on the surface may be cost effective Remote handling R&D, mock- ups, required will be more evident once a concept is further developed R&D items ? –Ferro-fluidic shaft seal is a potential issue – shaft speed, mag fields, radiation –Rotating water seal life another possible issue

17. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 17 Target Remote Handling Design Comments (cont’d) Pillow vacuum seal proven? Full atmosphere dp or secondary vacuum? remotely replaceable? What are radiation / activation levels downstream and upstream beam line and components? Beam line vacuum valves replaceable / necessary?

18. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 18 Remote Handling Design Comments, jcs Maintenance and repair are inevitable Integrate radiation work into design considerations from the beginning Anything is doable Probably more expensive than one would like to admit Hook up with the experts, they exist

19. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 19 Thoughts on Liquid and Solid Targets J. C. Sheppard SLAC November 12, 2007

20. J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 20 Liquid and Solid Targets Liquids are good for high average power applications, not so good for high density energy deposition Solids are good for high energy density scenarios, need to be concerned with integrated dosage because of degradations in material properties (ductility, strength, thermal conductivity,….

21. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 21 Liquid and Solid Targets A few numbers….from NuMi-B-675 and NuMi-B-1100 (IHEP, Protvino target studies) ME, 120 GeV, 4x10 13 p/spill, graphite, 0.7x1.4 mm 2 incident dE/vol =~ 600 J/cm 3 dE/mass =~ 300 J/g dT = ~ 200 o K Max Seq =~ 20 MPa HE, 120 GeV, 1.7x10 14 p/spill, graphite, 1.5x1.5 mm 2 incident Values are larger by a factor of only about 2 (?) but still large

22. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 22 Liquid and Solid Targets B. W. Riemer, Benchmarking dynamic strain predictions of pulsed mercury spallation taget vessels, JNM 343 (2005) 81-91 (SNS, ORNL) Observe cavitation at 0.15 MPa corresponding to energy deposition levels of ~0.5 J/g Depending on details, cavitation itself may not be a problem but need to mitigate target vessel erosion due to bubble collapse

23. November 12, 2007 J.C. Sheppard/SLAC Slide 23 Liquid and Solid Targets Initial thoughts and concerns: Peak energy deposition seems high, however, the target is encased and pre-stressed in a SS tube so probably ok Worry about heat transfer Worry about pipe irradiation and subsequent damage and degradation Be sure to build in remote handling Other people with expertise: ORNL-remote handling; LANL-material irradiation; LLNL-dynamic stress