1. ROOSEVELT, TAFT, & WILSON

2. Section 4 ALCOS: 2.6, 3.7 Objectives  Students will Compare and contrast Taft’s policies with Roosevelt’s  Students will discuss Taft’s role in continuing Progressivism

3. Who is the only U.S. President to serve as a Supreme Court Justice? ANSWER: William Howard Taft

4. William Howard Taft ( R ) William Jennings Bryan ( D ) Platform  Break up trusts  Improve worker safety  Admit New Mexico and Arizona as states Platform  Claimed to be a more effective reformer than Taft  Wanted railroads to be nationalized Election of 1908

5. Taft Bryan Election of 1908

6. William Howard Taft ( R ) William Jennings Bryan ( D ) Platform  Break up trusts  Improve worker safety  Admit New Mexico and Arizona as states Pop Vote: 7,678,395 Electoral Vote: 321 Platform  Claimed to be a more effective reformer than Taft  Wanted railroads to be nationalized Pop Vote: 6,408,984 Electoral Vote: 162 Election of 1908

7. William Howard Taft ( R 1909-1913)

8. Life and Career Born Cincinnati, Ohio September 15, 1857  Died March 8, 1930 Considered Theodore Roosevelt as one of his dearest friends Commissioner of the Philippines Secretary of War (1904-1908) Chief Justice (1921-1930)

9. Presidency Strict Constitutionalist Lower the tariff Deals with a split Republican Party  “Old Guard” vs the Progressives The real “trustbuster”  Broke up more than 90 trusts Divided the Department of Commerce and Labor Created the Bureau of Mines Passage of 16 th Amendment (1913)  Income Tax

10. Taft Cartoon

11. Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act (1909) Taft promised to lower the tariff  Calls Congress into special session to do this Payne Bill  Lowered the tariff  Passed by the Senator Aldrich proposes bill raising tariffs Bill created the raised the tariff  La Follete takes issue to Taft Taft felt he should not involve himself

12. Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Ballinger – Secretary of the Interior  Oil Baron Ballinger gives oil companies permission to drill experimental wells in Newlands areas  Pinchot furious Taft says Ballinger is within his rights to do this  Fires Pinchot

13. Uncle “Joe” Cannon Speaker of the House  Conservative  Abused his power as Speaker of the House Rest of Congress wants him gone  Taft agrees to help Congress Taft fails to get Cannon removed  Says he has no Constitutional power to do so

14. Mann-Elkins Act Communications Industry  New and thriving industry  Placed under the Interstate Commerce Commission Meant to prevent the creation of monopolies in this industry

15. Foreign Affairs Dollar Diplomacy  “Dollars over bullets”  Used to aid developing countries in Central and South America Sends marines to Nicaragua  Ensure safety of Panama Canal Chinese Railroad  European countries try to build railroad in China for trade  Taft doesn’t want the U.S. to be left out  Donates $6 million  Plan falls through  U.S. never gets reimbursed

16. Election of 1912 William Howard Taft ( R ) Woodrow Wilson ( D ) Theodore Roosevelt ( Bull Moose ) Eugene V. Debs ( Socialist )

17. Roosevelt Bull Moose Party “New Nationalism”  Women’s Vote  Simplified Spelling

18. Wilson “New Freedom”  Regulated free enterprise  Against trusts and monopolies More progressive than Taft Less radical than Roosevelt

19. Election of 1912 William Howard Taft ( R ) Woodrow Wilson ( D ) Theodore Roosevelt ( Bull Moose ) Eugene V. Debs ( Socialist ) Pop Vote: 3,486,242 Electoral Vote: 8 Pop Vote: 6,296,284 Electoral Vote: 435 Pop Vote: 4,122,721 Electoral Vote: 88 Pop Vote: 901,551 Electoral Vote: 0

20. Section 5 ALCOS: 2.6, 3.7 Objectives  Students will Evaluate what Wilson hoped to do with his “New Freedom” program  Students will describe Wilson’s efforts to regulate the economy  Students will asses the legacy of the Progressive Era

21. Woodrow Wilson ( D 1913-1921)

22. Life and Career Born Staunton, Virginia December 28, 1856  Died February 3, 1924 College Professor  Bryn Mawr, Wesleyan, Princeton, Johns Hopkins President of Princeton (1902-1910) Governor of New Jersey (1911-1913)

23. Young Wilson

24. Presidency Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Underwood Act (1913)  Lowered the tariff from 41% - 27% 16 th Amendment (1913) Federal Reserve System Moral Diplomacy  U.S. has a moral responsibility to protect American interests in Latin America World War I

25. Trusts Federal Trade Commission (FTC)  Investigate unfair and illegal business practices  Promote fair business practices Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)  Excludes unions and agriculture organizations from antitrust laws  Guarantees unions more power

26. Federal Reserve System Intended to stabilize the economy Divided the nation into 12 regional districts  Assigned each district a federal bank Determine interest rates  Depends on the status of money supply Still around today

27. Federal Reserve Map

28. Civil Rights Southerner Campaigned as the Civil Rights candidate  Had support of the NAACP  Does not follow through Opposed federal anti-lynching legislation  Felt this was a state issue Increased segregation of government employees African-Americans felt betrayed by Wilson

29. 19 th Amendment Carrie Chapman Catt  Revives the women’s suffrage movement  Succeeds Susan B. Anthony as president of NAWSA  Strategy  Painstaking organization  Close ties between local, state, and national workers  Establishing a wide base of support  Cautious lobbying  Gracious, ladylike behavior National Women’s Party  Much more radical than NAWSA  Pickett the White House 19 th Amendment ratified 1920

30. Mexico Mexican Revolution  1911-1917 three different rulers of Mexico General John J. Pershing  Sent in to chase out Villa February 1917 U.S. backs out of Mexico

31. Mexican Conflict

32. Instability in Mexico Porfirio Diaz  Military Dictator Francisco Madero  Democratic Reform Gen Victoriano Huerta  Gets Madero murdered Venustiano Carranza  President 1915  Encourages U.S. to invest in Mexico Francisco “Pancho” Villa  Kills U.S. mine workers  Attacks Columbus, New Mexico

33. Will There Be War? World War I breaks out in Europe August 1914 U.S. tries to remain neutral  Large numbers of immigrants from countries fighting in the War Some felt war was inevitable William Jennings Bryan  Secretary of State under Wilson  Believed war to be evil and opposed U.S. entry into the war

34. Woodrow Wilson Charles Evan Hughes “He kept us out of the war!” Supreme Court Justice War was inevitable  Wanted U.S. to begin preparing Election of 1916

35. Wilson Hughes Election of 1916

36. Woodrow Wilson Charles Evan Hughes “He kept us out of the war!” Pop Vote: 9,126,868 Electoral Vote: 277 Supreme Court Justice War was inevitable  Wanted US to begin preparing Pop Vote: 8,548,728 Electoral Vote: 254 Election of 1916