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R&D on Scintillation Crystals and Special Glass at BGRI Mingrong ZHANG, Yuncheng GE (Beijing Glass Reseach Institute) 2nd HHCAL workshop, Beijing, May.

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Presentation on theme: "R&D on Scintillation Crystals and Special Glass at BGRI Mingrong ZHANG, Yuncheng GE (Beijing Glass Reseach Institute) 2nd HHCAL workshop, Beijing, May."— Presentation transcript:

1 R&D on Scintillation Crystals and Special Glass at BGRI Mingrong ZHANG, Yuncheng GE (Beijing Glass Reseach Institute) 2nd HHCAL workshop, Beijing, May 9, 2010 1

2 Contents Scintillation Crsytals Developed at BGRI Special Glass Developed at BGRI –Low-resistivity Glass for MRPC Study on Eu-doped PbF 2 Crystal for the HHCAL Detector Concept 2

3 Scintillation Crystals Researched and Developed at BGRI Fluorides: BaF 2, BaF 2 :Ce, CeF 3, CaF 2 :Eu Iodides: CsI:Tl, CsI:Na Oxides: PbWO 4 (PWO), Bi 4 Ge 3 O 12 (BGO) Chlorides: LaCl 3 :Ce Bromides: LaBr 3 :Ce, La(Br,Cl) 3 :Ce BGRI has studied synthetic crystals for half a century. In the past twenty years more than ten kinds of scintillation crystals have been developed. 3

4 BaF 2 Scintillation Crystal BaF 2 crystal is the first scintillation crystal developed at BGRI, which was hoped originally to used for GEM detector at SSC, USA. Since 1996 BGR I has provided hundreds of large BaF2 crystals for nuclear physics experiment projects. Project/UserPeriod TAPS/ Giessen Uiv,Germany1996-2000 DANCE / LANL,USA1997-2002 VEC/ VECC,India 2001-2002 ； 2004-2006 4πγ Detector/ CIAE,China2004-2006 4

5 BaF 2 crystal for 4πtotal absorption detector at Chinese Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) 30 pieces 12 pieces 1472 cm 3 1484 cm 3 5

6 Alpha background 10# ： 419.2cps ； 12# ： 282.9cps Emssion spectrum Energy resolution 12.8% 6

7 Time resolution Detecting Efficiency: N=55016 for 137 Cs 662keV N= 36651 @1173keV, 36681@1332keV for 60 Co 7

8 CeF 3 scintllation crystal BGRI developed CeF 3 crystal initially for CMS at LHC by Jointing with SIC (Shanghai Institute of Ceramics) in 1993-1995 BGRI continues providing CeF 3 crystals for discriminating n and γ after that. Available maxium size –Φ76×76 mm Transmission spectra of 5mm CeF 3 wafer 8

9 CaF 2 :Eu Scintillation Crystal 241 Am (59.6keV) SamplesSize (mm) ChannelFWHMEnergy resolution p.e. yieldsNotes 7# Φ20×2.0 183.3543.5623.8%7780 Φ20×0.45 120.4931.9726.5%51127T(top) 193.6141.6221.5%82157B(bottom) 10#25.4×3.0×0.45 179.9438.7321.6%7610 196.6036.3918.5%8342 Decay times measured with Osillograph: 7T 、 7B 、 10-1 、 10-2 ， 0.8-0.9  s 22 18 2.0 7T 7B 7# Available size: more than 100 mm 9

10 Tansmission, Excitaion and Emission Spectra of CaF 2 :Eu Crystal No line-shaped emission of Eu 3+ ions 10

11 CsI:Tl Scintillation Crystal BGRI Developed CsI:Tl crystal in 1995-1997 by Jointing SIC for BELLE at KEK,Japan and BaBar at SLAC,USA,respectively A unpolished CsI:Tl crystal 11

12 Light output of CsI:Tl crystals of some manufacturers at different time gates Nonuniformity of CsI:Tl samples along longitudinal direction: ≤4% Higher light yield, faster decay and better nonuiformity 12

13 Larger CsI:Tl crystal will be developed soon Transmission spectrum of CsI:Tl Crystal (Ф125×55 mm) produced recently Diemeter: ~ 400mm 13

14 PWO Scintillation Crystal BGRI developed PWO crystal for CMS at LHC in 1996-2001 by collaborating IHEP,China and ETHZ, Switzerland. As-grown ingots and Full-size (22 2 ×230×25 2 mm) polished crystals 14

15 Light yield and LY 100 /LY 1000 Distribution of the Light Loss after 1.5Gy TIS for 10 BGRI crystals Comparison of longditudinal transmission of PWO crystals from Bogorodisk, SIC series 1&2, BGRI longditudinal transmission of PWO crystals from BGRI batch 1 measured longitudinally measured with ACCOS RC CERN 15

16 LaX 3 :Ce (X=Cl,Br, or Cl+Br) Scintillation Crystals LaCl 3 :Ce Crystal Hermetic SealingLa/CeCl 3 SynthesisCrystal ProcessingCrystal Growth LaCl 3 :Ce and LaBr 3 :Ce crystals have been studied at BGRI since 2003 and 2005, respectively. CeCl 3 -doped LaBr 3 crystal, i.e. La(Br,Cl) 3 :Ce Crystal is found and applied for a Chinese Patent by BGRI in 2007. 16

17 LaCl 3 :Ce Φ38×38mm Alpha background: 51 cps, 1.18 c/s.cm 3 X-ray excited emission spectrum Transmission Spectrum Pulse-Height Spectrum 17

18 La(Br,Cl) 3 :Ce (CeCl 3 -doped LaBr 3 ) Crystal Background: 4.3 cps 0.11 c/s/cc Φ40×30mm 385nm Pulse-Height Spectra under 137 Cs irradation X-ray ecited Emmission Spectrum 18

19 Comparation of Scintillation properties of LaBr 3 :Ce and La(Br,Cl) 3 :Ce crystals Crystals Photoelectron yield (p.e./MeV) Decay time （ ns ） Energy resolution riseflatdecay LaBr 3 : 0.9%CeCl 3 111003.25.020.4 2.8% LaBr 3 : 0.9%CeBr 3 112004.3725.7 3.0% LaBr 3 : 4%CeCl 3 110002.5/16.4 3.0% LaBr 3 : 4%CeBr 3 108002.1/17.0 3.1% * La(Br,Cl) 3 :Ce crystal has similar scintillation properties to LaBr 3 :Ce crystal, but better performance-price ratio for CeCl 3 is cheaper than CeBr 3. * Sample was not sealed well. Availabe Maxium Size: Φ40×50mm 19

20 Comparisions of LaCl 3 :Ce crystal and LaBr 3 :5%CeCl 3 crystal grown by BGRI with NaI:Tl crystal CrystalSize /mm Pulse Height / Channel Relative Pulse Height Energy Resolution Decay time La(Br,Cl) 3 :CeΦ40×309301632.9%17ns LaCl 3 :CeΦ38×38503903.5%26ns NaI:TlΦ38×385701006.2% Note: The data listed in the above table were obtained by measuring three crystals with same PMT and same gain setting. 20

21 Special Glass Developed at BGRI Colorless glass Colored glass Irradiation-hard glass low-resistivity glass other special glass BGRI has studied glass for more than 50 years. And more than twenty kinds of special glass have been developed, which include: 21

22 R&D of Low Resistivity Glass For MRPC NameProducerElectric resistivity Moscow glass Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics- Novosibirsk, Russia 10 11 Ω · cm Schott S8900Schott, Germany 10 11 Ω · cm Prague glassPhyiscs Institue, Czech 10 11 Ω · cm Sem. glassBGRI & Tsinghua University, China 10 10 Ω · cm Low-resistivity glass is promising materials for Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) for measuring TOF of high–energy particles in relativistic heavy ions physics. BGRI began R&D of low-resistiviy glass in 2007 at the help of Tsinghua University 22

23 The temeperature dependence of electric resistivity of our glass Sem. glass 23

24 Comparisions of MRPCs made of different materials in CBM RPC typeMaterialDetecting efficiencyTime ResolutionRate Capability Pad MRPCsem. glass95 %75 psnot meas. Ceramic MRPCceramic95 %110-140 ps500 kHz/cm 2 Pad mini-RPCultrathin glass75% (1 Gap)75-100 ps1,5 kHz/cm 2 narrow strip MRPCfloat glass85 %50 psnot meas. Wide Strip MRPCsem. glass95 %75 ps20 kHz/cm 2 Wide Strip MRPCfloat glass95 %65 psnot meas. Wide Strip MRPCfloat glass95 %75 psnot meas. See: “The CBM Time-of-Flight Wall”, X Workshop on Resistive Plate Chambers and related Detectors, February 9-12, 2010, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany ． 24

25 BGRI & Tsinghua University Large glass sheet (500×500mm) with the 10 10 Ω·cm resistivity was manufactured sucessfully at BGRI. 25

26 Some Results of Eu-doped PbF 2 crystal for the HHCAL Detector Concept PbF 2 :Eu CrystalCaF 2 :Eu crystal Raw materials PbF 2 CaF 2 A mixture of EuF 3 and EuF 2 Eu Content 1#: 500ppm 2#: 1% 200-3000 ppm Growth technique graphite crucible + vacuum furnace 26

27 Transmission spectra Pulse Height Spectra under 137 Cs radiation No obvious photoelectron signal was detected by PMT! 27

28 Emission Spectra under 365nm excitation 1# 2# No obvious wide-band emission, different from that of CaF 2 :Eu crystal Maybe Eu 2+ ions donot exist in PbF 2 crystal stably? 28

29 BGRI is very interested in the material development for the HHCAL detector concept, and is expected to contribute to this world-wide effort. 29

30 Thanks for Listening 30

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