1. Haitian and Latin American Revolutions

2. Haitian Revolution 1789-1804 Only successful slave revolt
Island of Hispaniola
French colony of Saint-Domingue in west (now Haiti)
Rich Caribbean colony
Sugar, coffee, cotton
Almost 1/3 of France’s foreign trade
Slaves are majority of population
500,000 slaves/”maroons”
40,000 white settlers
30,000 free blacks

3. Haitian Revolution Inspired by American and French revolutions
500 gens de couleur (free Africans) sent to fight British in American Revolution
1789 white settlers demand self- rule, but with no equality for free Africans
1791 civil war breaks out between white settlers and free African residents
Slaves revolt in support of free black
British, Spanish forces send support for African fighters

4. Toussaint L'Ouverture

5. Haitian Leader :Toussaint Louverture
Free slave, lead revolutionary army
1801 organized first constitution based on American/French
First constitution to abolish slavery
Equality granted to all men
1802- Napoleon sends troops to seize island
Arrest Toussaint
French troops driven out, declared independent nation of Haiti

6. Post-Revolutionary Government
Representative Republic
Universal male suffrage

7. Latin American Revolutions

8. Factors Attributing to Revolutions
Napoleonic Empire weakens power/presence of Spain
Spain increases taxes on American colonists to pay for wars against France
Colonies resent lack of representation in Spain/Portugal
Inspired by successful American, French, Haitian Revolutions
Creoles outnumber and resent control of peninsulares

9. France Conquers Spain Napoleon replaces Spanish king with brother
Revolutionaries use transition/weakness to revolt against Spanish rule
Target peninsulares and representatives of crown

10. Latin American Independence
Central America:
Mexico
Declared independence from Spain 1813
* Est. constitutional monarchy, then republic 1823
Southern states declare independence 1838: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
South America:
Simón Bolívar – Venezuelan general
Organized and lead revolutions throughout South America
1820- Established self first president of Gran Colombia: unified republic of former Spanish colonies- Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Guyana, and NW Brazil
Disbands in 1831 due to political disagreements, countries est. independent rule
Spanish power completely removed from Americas by 1825

11. Brazilian Independence
1807- Napoleon’s invasion sends Portuguese royal court to exile in Rio de Janeiro
1821 King returns, son Pedro left behind as regent
Pedro negotiates with creoles, declares independence of Brazil
Becomes Emperor of Brazil
(r )
Social structure remains largely intact

12. Latin America in 1830