1. IAC-15,С3,3,8,х29043 POWER-SUPPLY SYSTEM OF SPACECRAFT ON THE BASE OF ZIRCONIUM FUEL CELLS Ph. D., S.R. Director of Business Development Private Joint Stock Company “Kurs” S. Matvienko

2. InterOrbital Transportation Vehicle need to be developed InterOrbital Transportation Vehicle (IOTV ) is a specialized long-term use vehicle designed to deliver on orbit transportation services for client space vehicles.

3. GEO Staging orbit Standard scenario and critical operations for interOrbital transfer IOTV - flying on the staging orbit in between Van Allen belts. Clients SV launched on the staging orbit. IOTV rendezvous and capture clients SV. IOTV transfer clients satellite to GEO. IOTV released clients SV in its staging point. IOTV retrieve to staging orbit.

4. IOTV prototype description Propulsion system is a combined two propellant chemical (UDMH) DU 802 and low thrust electric propulsion device SPT 140. Electric propulsion is used as maneuvering and chemical engines with up to 10 times of working as sustainer rocket engine. Pulsed plasma thrusters with cold gas expected be used as a reserve for emergency maneuvers when more strong impulse is required. On board GNC system designed as modified “Cyclone 4” third stage one. IOTV control system is reconfigurable, and onboard computer should ensure internal control and defend against emergency situations. Power supply based on a SOFC fuel cells. Rendezvous system is a modified “KURS”. Docking mechanism.??? Manipulator for capture (robotic arm) with technical vision system.???

5. Prototype

6. 6 AIR FUEL - GAS ELECTRICITY + - ANODE ELECTROLYTE CATHODE GAS, 600 о С Ceramic Fuel Cell FC efficiency is ~65% Ti-Si microturbine General efficiency is ~95%

7. World CFC system records Stack stability: >70 000 hours, 700 o C, Jülich Efficiency: 65% (FC) and 95% (overall), GE Consumption of liquid fuel: 4 times less, Boeing, jet fuel (kerosene) for planes Operating temperature: 600 o C, ECN, IPMS Aggressive advertisement by Bloom Energy 7

8. 8 The next step to a perfection is STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION, that is a MATERIALS SCIENCE task – to tailor a perfect CFC (“CFC materials tailoring”).

9. As thin as possible: EB-PVD electrolyte 9

10. EB-PVD electrolyte The task was to cover the porous NiO- ZrO 2 composite with thin electrolyte film. Density of electrolyte produced with EB- PVD is reached. Jülich requirement for He leakage is reached. ~5 ~5  1Ce10ScSZ EB-PVD electrolyte film is enough to be used in CFC. ~EB-PVD film has ~50 % higher conductivity than typical screen printed. 10

11. 11 Line of measurement Anode Electrolyte film Interface Interdiffusion at EB-PVD Ni ~2-wt% Ni SEM Anode Electrolyte film XRMA

12. Chemical composition of electrolyte film is changed with diffusion Ni and Sc. Chemical composition of electrolyte might be corrected and optimized. In process of CFC production,

13. 13 Structure & conductivity of films O -- EB-PVD Plasma spray Oriented columnar structureDisoriented structure

14. NI-ZRO 2 ANODE REDOX PROCESSING 14

15. 15 Ni-ZrO 2 anode: improvement via redox Negative influence of reduction 50Ni-50ZrO 2 at 600 o C State of anode Resistance, Ω Strength, MPa Initial 10 12 32 Reduced in H 2 10 5 12 Redox-training of anode at 600 o C After 5 redox cycles ~0.136 Jointly with Ph&MI, Lviv

16. 600 o C Ceramic Fuel Cell that is considered now as a promising technology for reliable and environmentally safe energy generation. It is developed

17. 17 Structure of this CFC is excellent! Area Specific Resistance at 600 o C is <0.6 ohm▪cm 2. Typical is >2.0 ohm▪cm 2. Proof to He leakage EB-PVD 1Ce10ScSZ electrolyte. Its thickness might be 5-7 µ! ECN anode EB-PVD IPMS electrolyte EB-PVD IPMS cathode

18. Conclusions /1 Comparative study of zirconia powders led us to the thoughts namely: 1.CFC requires specially designed powders; 2.Moreover, electrolyte and electrodes, each of them requires own powder. –Electrolyte requires powder to ensure density and oxygen ionic conductivity. –Electrodes require powders to ensure porosity, mechanical behavior, catalytic activity and oxygen ionic conductivity. 18

19. Conclusions /2 Degradation CFC is a result of recrystallization processes in the CFC body in a course of its long term high temperature operation. in order to use degradation processes as some instrument of "a positive degradation".Structural changes must be studied extensively in order to use degradation processes as some instrument of "a positive degradation". The "positive degradation" is a way to a CFC tailoring that might be put in a basement of 3D- printing of CFC structures.The "positive degradation" is a way to a CFC tailoring that might be put in a basement of 3D- printing of CFC structures. 19

20. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Mr. Alexander Kushnarev, Mr. Ievgen Baranov, Yuzhnoye State Design Office, Krivoroahskaya St, 3, Dnepropetrovsk, 49008, Ukraine phone.: +038 (0562) 38 47 45 fax: +038 (056) 770 01 25 E-mail: info@yuznnoye.com site: www. yuzhnoye.com СONTACT INFORMATION Dr. Oleksandr Vasylyev, Frantcevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science Krzhyzhanovskogo St, 3, Kyiv-142, 03680, Ukraine phone.: +038 (044) 424 02 94 E-mail: vasilev@ipms.kiev.ua Dr. Serhii Matviienko Private Joint Stock Company “RPC “Kurs” Str. Boryspilska, 9, Kyiv, 02099, Ukraine E-mail: matvienko_2005@ukr.net