1. State of North Carolina v. Mann Mann is a slave owner in the South who is accused of assaulting his slave His lawyer argues that the North Carolina Constitution protects property, so as property slaves can be beaten or killed The case UPHOLDS the Supremacy of the N.C. Constitution by protecting a person’s right to own property

2. 14 th Amendment is passed All people born in the United States are citizens All citizens have equal protection under the law

3. Plessy v. Ferguson Plessy is a light skinned black man (1/8 black) He was told that he can ride on the train in the white car because all seats on the colored train car were full People complained on the white car, and he lost his seat Supreme court ruled that segregation is allowed The “separate but equal” doctrine is established. Separate facilities are legal as long as they are equal

4. Korematsu v. United States (1944) Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor to damage U.S. Naval fleet U.S. government fears people of Japanese descent U.S. government sends all Japanese Americans to internment camps

5. Harry Truman integrates the U.S. Military Black units such as the Tuskegee Airman and the 555 th Infantry Unit were very successful in WWII After World War II, President Truman states blacks and whites will serve in the same military unit

6. Oliver Brown v. Board of Education Thurgood Marshall a lawyer for the NAACP is asked to sue on behalf of Oliver Brown who wants his daughter to attend the white school by his home The case overturns the Plessy decision Schools are integrated Supreme Court decides that “separate facilities are inherently unequal”

7. President Eisenhower issues executive order integrated Central High School Arkansas, Louisiana, Georgia, and South Carolina refuse to integrate their schools President Eisenhower sends 1000 soldiers from the 101 st Abn Division to integrate ONE high school This shows that the federal government is SUPREME to the states

8. Civil Rights Act of 1964 A public place cannot discriminate based on race, gender, religion, or nationality

9. Heart of Atlanta Hotel vs United States The hotel is a private business that wants to choose to its customers The hotel only wishes to allow white guests at their hotel The US Supreme Court says it is public and must serve everyone regardless of race

10. 24 th amendment is passed Forbids poll taxes Cannot charge a person a fee to vote

11. Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Requires students to be bused from their neighborhood school to other areas of town to integrate schools

12. Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg

13. Title IX- Equal Opportunity in Education Act School programs must be open to all students and cannot discriminate based on gender All sports and scholarships must be equally distributed between boys and girls Can a boy play volleyball? Can a girl play football?

14. Equal Opportunity in Education

15. Regents of California v Bakke A white guy wants to attend medical school He is denied admission The school sets aside a certain amount of slots for minority students Bakke feels that this is unfair. He is more qualified. The Supreme Court agrees and states that race can only be one factor considered and that qualifications must be given highest priority

16. Americans with Disabilities Act People who are physically or mentally challenged must be given same opportunities as those who are not Wheel chair access Braille Hearing impaired on tv

17. The Patriot Act An act passed after September 11, 2001 "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act of 2001."