1. Greek Art

2. What are characteristics that make up Greek art?
Think-Pair-Share
What are characteristics that make up Greek art?

3. EOA and POD

4.                          
Key Term:
Greece-a country in southeastern Europe consisting of 2 mainland peninsulas and thousands of islands throughout the Aegean and Ionian seas.

5.                          
Key Term:
Greek-a native or inhabitant of modern Greece, or a person of Greek descent.

6. Ancient Greek art
Most of the ancient Greek art that is still around today is in the forms of pottery, sculpture and architecture.
Most ancient Greek paintings have deteriorated or been destroyed, except for most paintings on pottery.

7. Why are they gone?
Greek painters worked mainly on wooden panels, which deteriorated over time.
When marble is burned, lime is produced, and that was also the fate of the great bulk of Greek marble statuary during the Middle Ages. The shortage of metal during the Middle Ages led to the majority of Greek bronze statues being melted down. Those statues which had survived did so primarily because they had been buried and forgotten, or as in the case of bronzes having been lost at sea.
The great majority of Greek buildings have not survived to this day: either they had been pillaged in war, had been looted for building materials or had been destroyed in Greece’s many earthquakes.

8. Ancient Greek pottery
Greek pots are important because they tell us so much about how life was in ancient Greece.
Ancient Greek pots were often beautifully decorated with scenes from daily life. Sometimes these scenes reflected what the pot was used for.

9. Shapes and Sizes
Pots came in all sorts of shapes and sizes depending on their purpose.
The Ancient Greeks made pottery for everyday use, not for display.

10. Purpose of Vases Psykteres were wine coolers.
Oinochoai were wine jugs.
Chytra Used as cooking pots.
Stamnoi were used for holding wine before mixing it with water
Lekythoi were oil bottles.
Hydria Used to carry water.
Alabastron Small vases used by women for storing perfume or oil.
Amphora Used for carrying and storing solids and liquids.
Chous Used as jugs.
Kantharos Used as drinking cups with two vertical handles
Krater comes from a word meaning 'mix'. Kraters were used for mixing wine with water.
Kylikes were special wine cups.
The name for this large vase means 'carrying to the bath.' Loutrophoroi were used to hold water for bathing or for washing.
Lekanides were small, shallow bowls used by women for storing jewelry and trinkets.
Pyxides were small pots in which women stored their cosmetics, powder or jewelry.

11. Stylistic periods of Ancient Greek pottery
There are two main stylistic periods in Greek vase painting, black-figure and red-figure.
Protogeometric- about 1050 BCE
Geometric- about 900 BCE
Late Geometric or Archaic- about 750 BCE
Black Figure- early 7th century BCE
Red Figure- about 530 BCE

12. Key Term: Black Figure Painting-
                         
Key Term:
Black Figure Painting-
the designating style of vase painting developed in Greece in the 7th and 6th centuries B.C. Characterized by silhouetted figures painted in black slip on a red clay body.

13. Black Figure Style Technique
Black-figure is called that because the people (the figures) are black, and the background is a reddish brown.
As the name implies, figures appeared, after the firing of the pot, as black silhouettes against the background of the light red or yellowish clay of the pot.  Within the black figures, carved lines revealed the red clay beneath, allowing the artist to trace the inner details of the figure. 

14.                          
Key Term:
Red Figure Painting- the designating style of vase painting developed in Athens around 530 B.C. and remained in use until the late 3rd century B.C. It replaced the previously dominant style of black-figure vase painting within a few decades.

15. Red Figure Style Technique
In red-figure the people are red and the background is black.
The red-figure technique was invented in Athens 530 BCE.  The figures remained in the orange-red color of the clay, and the surrounding background was turned to black by the firing of the pot.  With this, the method of detailing the figures was changed dramatically.  Instead of using a sharp tool to incise lines, the painters used a fine brush, pen or reed to apply lines of color for the inner details of the figures. 

16. Now - The Mediterranean World
Then and Now
Then - The Greek World
Now - The Mediterranean World
Ancient Greek had City-States
Today we have countries

17. Everyday Life in Ancient Greece
People
Society dominated by Men
Wife's duty to bear legitimate children and manage the household. Women were expected to remain inside her home except for rare occasions.
Children
Allowed to play until they were seven. When they were seven boys went to school and girl started domestic chores.
Marriage
Arranged by families based on dowry
Unveiling of the bride at wedding
Slavery
Property of their masters rather than citizens of Greece
domestic servants, factory workers, shopkeepers, mineworkers, farm workers, ship's crewmembers police force, clerks at the treasury office

18. Everyday Life in Ancient Greece
Food
Bread, olives, figs, cheese, vegetables, fruit, dried fish, wine
Did not have sugar, sweetened their food with honey
Did have utensils, ate with their hands.

19. Everyday Life in Ancient Greece
Homes
Made of mudbrick and pottery tiles.
Floor mosaic or plaster.
High windows so thieves couldn’t break in.

20. Greek Alphabet
Greeks were the first to use separate symbols for each vowel and consonant.
Used since about the 9th century BCE

21. Pottery The Vase - great artistic legacy
Pottery made for everyday use, not for display - drinking & storage
Black Figure from the early 7th century BC
red and white details and incising for outlines and details
Red Figure from about 530 BC
pots being painted black & the figures painted in red

22. Sculpture Marble & Bronze Human form the most important subject .
Few sculptures have survived, mostly in Roman copies.

23.                          
Key Term:
Parthenon- a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena.

24. Greek Religion Different cities worshipped different deities/gods
Temples were home of the deity/gods
Parthenon
20,000 tons of marble, 15 years to complete
40 foot high statue of the Goddess Athena inside

25.                          
Key Term:
Greek Mythology- the collection of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece.

26. Greek Mythology

27.                          
Key Term:
Delphi- In ancient Greece, Delphi was the seat of the famous oracle that powerful people consulted for advice. 

28. Greek Architecture - Delphi
Dates to 1400 BC – one of oldest sites in Greece
Pythia - Oracle of Apollo
Gave advice on decisions from personal problems to fates of cities.
Visitors required to pay a fee based on the importance of the question.

29. Architecture – Greek Columns
Three types of Columns in Greek architecture:
Doric order
Ionic order
Corinthian order

30.                          
Key Term:
Doric Order- The oldest and simplest of the three main orders of classical Greek architecture, characterized by heavy fluted columns with plaint, saucer-shaped capitals and no base.

31.                          
Key Term:
Ionic Order- One of the three main orders of classical Greek Architecture, characterized by two opposed volutes in the capital.

32.                          
Key Term:
Corinthian Order- The last and more ornate of the three main orders of classical Greek architecture. Characterized by a slender fluted column having an ornate flared capital decorated with acanthus leaves.

33. Theater Theater in every major Greek city
First theatrical productions - Athens Dionysus festival 500 BC
Initially a single actor accompanied by a chorus of singers
All wore masks – allowed actors to play multiple roles
All male cast – played female roles
Plays sponsored by wealthy patrons

34. Olympics Founded in 776 BCE at Olympia in southern Greece.
Contests every four years
Contests include running, chariot racing, boxing, wrestling, etc.
Laurel wreath to the victor

35. Warfare City-States were constantly at war with each other
The Trojan War – c BC
The Persian Wars 490 – 480 BC
Peloponnesian War ( BC)
Strict rules of warfare - honor
War defined as challenge between two armies
Quick decisive battles
Exchange of dead after battle
Winner seizes land

36.                          
Key Term:
Paper Mache- layers of paper glued and pressed together, molded when moist to form various articles, and becoming hard and strong when dry.

37. Video
Video-Greek Art History-Goodbye Art Academy

38. Project: