1. GENUS CAMPYLOBACTER

2. GENUS CAMPYLOBACTER HABITAT Gram - ve microaerophilic
curve, spiral one flagella at the end
motile not attack CHO
oxidase + ve non-spore forming
mucous membrane of genital tract
mucous membrane of intestinal tract, oral
of man and animals
HABITAT

3. Campylobacter spp.

4. flagella

5. CLASSIFICATION 1. Genital tract disease abortion, infertility C. fetus
2. Intestinal tract disease
enteritis
C. jejuni,

6. TRANSMISSION
1. mating, artificial insemination
2. ingestion

7. VIRULENCE FACTOR C. fetus ss. venerealis, C. fetus ss. fetus
* LPS
* microcapsule anti-complement
(S layer) antiphagocytosis
consist of protein resist to
serum-mediated destruction
(not effectively opsonized by C3b)
and phagocytosis
enhance survival in the genital tract

8. PATHOGENESIS I. Genital tract disease
Campylobacter fetus (Vibrio fetus)
C. fetus ss. venerealis

9. C. fetus ss. venerealis
cattle
M - glan penis, prepuce
F - vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct
lesion
M - no sign, carrier, semen
F - catarrhal in genital tract after uterine invasion
- temporary infertility
- spordic abortion 4-6 months
- carrier

10. Bovine genital campylobacteriosis
C. fetus ss. venerealis
Bacteria localize at glans penis, distal urethra
asymptomatic carrier bull
venereal transmission
Campy. in cervicovaginal mucus
Rarely abortion at mid pregnancy, less than 10%
mild endometritis & salpingitis
embryonic death and resorption return to oestrus days

11. transient infertility(3-5months)
protective immunity by IgA in cervicovaginal mucus & IgG in the uterus
IgG opsonize pathogens facilitate phagocytosis by neutrophil & mononuclear cell
recovery of fertility

12. ovine genital campylobacteriosis
Ovine abortion
C. fetus ss. fetus [C. fetus ss. intestinalis]
cattle, sheep
commensal in intestine
C. jejuni
feces of a wide range of birds and mammals

13. C.fetus ss fetus (C. fetus ss intestinalis)
C. jejuni
Sheep
Cattle
transmission by faecal-oral route
bacteremia
rarely case deposit in placenta during pregnancy
necrotic placentitis
abortion late in pregnancy

14. IMMUNITY ISOLATION 1. preputial washing 2. cervical mucus
IgA develops in vagina, IgG in uterus
opsonize the pathogens, facilitate phagocytosis
Bacterin (vaccine for male and female)
Biotype-specific
1. preputial washing
2. cervical mucus
3. placenta, abomasal content of foetus
Blood agar + antibiotics
O2 3-5 %, CO210%, N2 85%
3-6 days
ISOLATION FA

15. IDENTIFICATION
1. Biochemical tests non-pathogenic strain
C. sputorum biovar bubulus (catalase -ve)
ss. venerealis ss. fetus
H2S production
Growth in 1% glycine
Catalase

16. Agglutination of cervical mucus or
Detect antigen
FA technique in sheath washing from bull cervicovaginal mucus from cow
PCR detect pathogen in bull semen
3. Immunology
Agglutination of cervical mucus or
vaginal mucus agglutination (VMA) detect 50% on herd basis
ELISA detect IgA in vaginal mucus after abortion

17. C. f etus (FA)

18. C. fetus ss. venerealis

19. II Intestinal tract disease
Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
intestine of farm animal, swine
calf, poultry, sheep, man (close contact with animals and wastes.)
Zoonotic infection
ingest contaminated undercooked chicken meat or other animal sources

20. C. jejuni

21. VIRULENCE FACTOR C. jejuni Attachment factor;
Fibronectin binding protein
Lipoprotein
Flagellin
Pilus protein
LPS
Binding is followed by invading enterocytes
Strain dependent

22. ANIMAL enteritis in variety of animal species,
calves, dog, chicken, pig, cat, sheep
watery feces contains mucus & blood
pathological change :
ileum, colon
superficial erosive enteritis
crypt abscess,

23. EXTRAINTESTINAL INFECTION
C. jejuni
abortion in sheep& goat similar to those
C. fetus abortion
mastitis in cattle
frequently isolate from milk contaminated
by feces or via mastitis
major source of infection in countries
where raw milk is consumed

24. Avian vibrionic hepatitis
* birds harbour C. jejuni in their intestinal tract and shed the organism in their feces
* chicks acquire infection from feed, water & litter
* usually asymptomatic
* principal important source for human following carcasses contamination at slaughter house

25. * outbreak are uncommon
drop in egg production
may hemorrhage and multifocal
in liver
* organism motility are demonstrated in bile (phase contrast)

26. Intestinal campylobacteriosis in dog
C. jejuni
Increase severity of enteric disease infected
with other enteropathogens,
ie. virus, protozoa
young, debilitated, immunosuppressed animal
are at risk
dogs & cats may be involved in transmission
infection in humans

27. Intestinal Campylobacteriosis in human
C. jejuni is main cause of human campylobacteriosis
most frequent cause of food poisoning
C. coli, C. lari are sometimes implicated
poultry meat is major source

28. fever, abdominal pain & diarrhea (sometimes bloody)
mild to moderate self – limiting
resistance to fluoroquinolone is major public health concern

29. ISOLATION 1. Blood agar + antibiotics, mixed gases
2. identification based on growth characteristic and
biochemical tests.
catalase test
nitrate reduction
hydrogen disulphide production
Growth in :
1 % glycine
3.5 % NaCl
25 oC

30. Biochemical tests of Campylobacter
Organism
Biochemical Tests
Catalase
Oxidase
KOH
Indoxyl
acetate
Hippurate
C. jejuni +
C. coli -
C. lari

31. Campylobacter species
C. fetus ss. venerealis
C. fetus ss. fetus
C. jejuni
Bovine repro. tract
intestinal of sheep goats, cattle
intestinal tr. of birds and mammals
venereal dis. in cattle, early embryonic death, temporary infertility
abortion, stilbirth in sheep & goat, weak lambs and kids, sporadic abortion in cattle
abortion in sheep enteritis in dogs avian hepatitis enterocolitic in humans

32. GENUS LAWSONIA

33. THE GENUS LAWSONIA
Gram -ve not been grown in lifeless slender, curved rod media s-shape microaerophilic
Obligate intracellular organism
Habitat
Intracellular in pig enterocytes excrete small number in feces

34. Lawsonia intracellularis
TRANSMISSION
fecal-route, direct-indirect is the main mode of spread
probably acquire L. intracellularis from feces of infected pigs

35. Pathogenesis infectious disease of weaned animals
etiology of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy (PPE)
infectious disease of weaned animals
especially important in pig industry
occur worldwide
variable clinical manifestation
chronic porcine intestinal adenomatosis (PIA) acute proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy (PHE)

36. Pathogenesis flagella may allow colonization and attachment
moderate immune response and intracellular (enterocytes) location may enable LI to evade immune response
induce proliferation of enterocytes with the development of adenomatous and inflammatory lesion in terminal ileum, caecum and colon

37. Pathogenesis
intracellular organisms in apical cytoplasm of proliferating cells
proliferative ileitis
bacteria released from enterocytes at villous apices, infection spread through ileum, distal jejunum, caecum, colon
intestinal adenomatous hyperplasia

38. Characteristic features of PPE
mucosal thickening of small intestine
crypt epithelial cell proliferation
chronic intermittent diarrhea to acute hemorrhagic enteropathy
- necrotic enteritis in severe, clotted blood in the lumens

39. PPE

41. PHE
(pig)

42. Cultivation of Lawsonia
obligate intracellular, highly fastidious
resides in highly contaminated environment
microaerophilic
grown in enterocyte cell lines

43. Identification of Lawsonia
antemortem * IFA * immunoperoxidase in faeces * PCR in faeces
post mortem
** PCR (16S rDNA) of ileal mucosa ** tissue immunohistochemistry ** demonstrated in section from lesion by silver stain