1. Earth and ocean basin Introduction Distribution of sea and land
The earth’s interior
Ocean and types
Theory of formation of the oceans
The world’s oceans
List of oceanic basins
History and composition of ocean
Relief of sea floor

2. Three major components of earth
Hydrosphere-Ocean
Lithosphere-Rocks
Atmosphere-Air
Biosphere- encompasses part of these three layers
Several meters in lithosphere- 6 miles in to atmosphere-and more than 11,000 meters into ocean
World ocean occupy 71% of earth surface
Average depth of ocean 4 km

3. The earth basin Earth interior-Three distinct layer Core
Inner most portion of earth
Begins at 2900 km below the surface of earth and extends up to 3480 km to the center of the earth.
Outer liquid core-> alloy of
Two cores
Inner solid core  Alloy of Fe & NI  80%

4. Mantle Intermediate layer between earth’s core & crust
Accounts for 84% of earth & volume
It is 2900km thick
Composed of silicon, magnesium, and iron
Upper mantle hotter than lower mantle because it have extensive distribution of radio active minerals such as uranium, thorium and potassium

5. Crust Is the uppermost and thinnest segment of earth
Thickness various from 5 to 50 km
It is enriched in basaltic content in oceanic crust and granitic in continental crust.
6 to 50km thick
Crust is 50km under mountain regions and less than 5km under ocean

6. Crust upper SIAL (silica and aluminium)
Lower SIMA (silica, magnesium)
Crust upper SIAL (silica and aluminium)

7. Theory of formation of the oceans
Continental drift theory
The theory of permanent oceans

8. World’s Oceans Ocean Area (in millions) of square kilometers
Volume (in millions) of cubic kilometers
Depth (in meters)
Temperature
Salinity
Remarks
Pacific
166,241
696,184
4,188
3.36
34.62
Coldest, deepest, and largest ocean, occupying more than half of the volume of ocean basins
Atlantic
94,314
337,210
3,736
3.72
34.76
Received large amount of sediment from many rivers such as the Amazon, the Congo, the Mississippi.
Indian
77,118
284,608
3,872
3.73
34.90
Received large amount of sediment from the Indus, the Ganges, and the Brahmaputra
Total Ocean
362,033
1,349,929
3,729
3.52
34.72
Oceans occupy 70 percent of the earth’s surface

9. Oceanic Basins Aleutian Basin Agulhus Basin
Amerasian Basin , Arctic Ocean
Angola Basin
Arabian Basin
Argentine Basin
Bauer Basin
Blake Basin , Atlantic Ocean
Brazil Basin
Canada Basin , Arctic Ocean
Canary Basin
Cape Basin
Central Pacific Basin
Central Polar Basin
Chile Basin
Cocos Basin
Eurasian Basin , Arctic Ocean
Fram Basin , Arctic Ocean
Guatemala Basin
Guiana Basin
Iceland Basin
Labrador Basin
Markarov Basin,Arctic ocean
Madagascar Basin
Melanesian Basin
Mexico Basin
Mid- India Basin
Nansen Basin , Arctic Ocean

10. Natal Basin
Newfoundland Basin
North Polar Basin
Northwest Pacific Basin
Norwegian Basin
Penrhyn Basin
Perth Basin
Peru Basin
Roggeveen Basin
Sierra Leone Basin
Somali Basin
South East Pacific Basin
South West Pacific Basin
South Fiji Basin

11. Peru Basin
Roggeveen Basin
Sierra Leone Basin
Somali Basin
South East Pacific Basin
South West Pacific Basin
South Fiji Basin
South Indian Basin
Tsushima Basin (Ulleung Basin)
West Australian Basin

12. Saucer –like depression of the seabed
have the features of continental margin to vast structural division of deep ocean
Largest ocean basin-3-5km
Stretch from outer margins of continents to mid ocean ridges
Cover 71% (36 million sqkm) of earth surface
Average depth 500 mts
Five major ocean basin
Pacific ocean basin
Indian ocean basin
Atlantic ocean basin
Southern ocean basin
Arctic ocean basin

13. Pacific Ocean basin
Eastern side bounded by North and South American continents
Northern side bounded by Bering strait
Western side bounded by Asia, Archipelago and Australia
Southern side by southern ocean
Deepest of all oceans
Oldest of the existing ocean basin
The coastal shelf extends to depth of about 180 mts and is narrow along north & south America and the relatively wide along Asia and Australia.
Deep sub duction zones called trenches are found
Subduction zones are responsible for earthquakes and volcanoes
Pacific basin is named as Ring of fire

14. Atlantic ocean basin
The continental shelves of American, African and European coasts forms the Atlandic ocean basin
The subbasins along American side are more than 500 mts deep
The North American basin, Brazil basin, Argentina basin are the other sub basins

15. Indian Ocean basin Third largest of five oceans
Bounded on west by Africa, North by Asia, East by Australia, South by southern ocean
The basin includes the

16. Distribution of land and water in the earth
Land and water are unevenly distributed on the earth
Continents cover 29.2% of earth surface
The ocean is directed in to 3 basins called Atlantic, Pacific and Indian.
Ocean basin covers 70.8% of earth surface
The southern hemisphere is dominated by oceans (80.4%)
Northern hemisphere contains most of the lard and is still dominated by ocean (60.7%)

17. History and composition of ocean

18. List of oceanic basins

19. Chemical History of the Ocean

20. Relief of sea floor

21. Tabular representation of relief of seawater
Feature
Width
Relief
Water Depth
Bottom Gradient
Continental Shelf
<300 km
< 20 m
<150 m
<1:1,000(~0.5°)*
Continental slope
<150km
Locally > 2km
Drops from m
~1:40(3-6°)
Continental rise
<300km
<40km
1.5-5km
1: 1,000-1:700(0.5°-1°)
Submarine canyon
1-15km
20-2,000m
<1:40(3-6°)
Deep-sea trench
30-100km
>2km
5,000-12,000m
---
Abyssal hills
,000m(100km)
1-1,000 m
Variable
Seamounts
2-100km
>1,000km
Abyssal plains
1-1,000km
>3km
1:1,000-1:10,000(<0.5°)
Midocean ridge
500-1,500km
<1km
----
Midocean ridge crest
500-1,000km
<2km
2-4km