1. 1 Adolescent health puberty and growth By Dr A.R.C.Nwokocha Sr Lecturer in Paediatrics College of Medicine, UNEC.

2. Adolescence the period between childhood and adulthood Puberty – the early beginnings of adolescence during which time one develops secondary sex characteristics, sexual maturity and in females, menstruation, for the ability for a full reproductive capability, Period between childhood and adulthood Each adolescent has 5 goals Contact/Belonging, Power, Protection, Withdrawal And Challenge.

3. Adolescent Health The ability to freely and willingly demonstrate one’s potentials in knowledge and skills in self actualisation with such behaviour that promotes physical, mental and psycho-social well-being required in mastering critical developmental tasks, and not necessarily the absence of infirmity or disease.

4. Puberty Puberty – the early beginnings of adolescence during which time one develops secondary sex characteristics. Sexual maturity and in the females, includes pubic hair and breast development with menstruation, for the ability for a full reproductive capability, therefore puberty starts with development of secondary sexual characteristics, sexual maturation but includes psychological, mental and physical development components

5. Sexual maturation It is the constant features of two of the secondary sexual characteristics, breast and pubic hairs in the females and pubic hair and glandular (testis and penile shaft) development in the male. The maturation is each staged into the 5 stages of Tanner Stages

6. Baseline Sexual maturation seems to form a baseline on which the parameters the other aspects of adolescence are assessed – other aspects like physical, psychological and mental.

7. Factors for healthy adolescence 1.PAC –PCC 2. Religious Commitment 3. Parental care and supervision 4.PHE 5.Positive Self Esteems 6. Good Academic/Technologic Performance

8. Signs of unhealthy adolescence 1.Does not care for any form of achievement 2.No respect for authority/parents 3. Absence of religious commitment 4. Presence of some YRBs

9. Adolescent ill-health and management

10. Developmental Physical Psychological Social Dietary Reproductive health Malignancies Endocrine Psychiatric Common illnesses

11. Developmental Stature – usually 1 st seen in males Posture – usually in tanner stage 3 in females Delay or absence of 2ndry sexual xters Earlier maturation

12. Physical Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis Bounce

13. Psychological Usually goal – oriented Mainly 5 main goals ie contact/belonging power, protection, withdrawal and challenge

14. Social Employing these psychological goals for social functions like group formations esp for individuals that come from dysfunctional homes Easy prey for YRB –drug abuse Cult formation

15. Dietary Weight consciousness Obesity Anorexia nervosa Bulima

16. Reproductive health Consciousness of the opposite sex – unstable relationships Fresh groupings – delayed, absence or irregular menstruation STIs, Teenage pregnancies Marriages – stable relationships

17. Malignancies Hodgkins lymphoma Relapses from successfully managed childhood malignancies Myeloid leukamias

18. Endocrine Reproductive glands Thyroid etc

19. Psychiatry Anxiety and depression Schizophrenia and some other consequences of some YRBs Suicide

20. Common illnesses Common illnesses in the area eg malaria, infective diarrhoea Now surviving lethal childhood diseases eg SCD, CHD etc UTIs Enuresis