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CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range A programme for the study of reaction mechanisms in the GeV range C.S.T. SPhN Meeting 9 th of October,

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Presentation on theme: "CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range A programme for the study of reaction mechanisms in the GeV range C.S.T. SPhN Meeting 9 th of October,"— Presentation transcript:

1 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range A programme for the study of reaction mechanisms in the GeV range C.S.T. SPhN Meeting 9 th of October, 2006 J.-É. Ducret, F. Aksouh, A. Boudard, J.-C. David, K. Kezzar, E. Le Gentil, S. Lemaire & S. Leray In collaboration with A. Kelić et al., CHARMS group, GSI & J. Benlliure et al., University of Santiago de Compostella

2 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 2 Experimental method of investigation Energy range ~ 1 GeV per nucleon  nucleon – nucleon collisions as the dominant process for energy deposition in the target / projectile nuclei Inverse kinematics  1 GeV energy + target / projectile mass asymmetry allow for a localisation of the CoM low-energy products at forward angles  No detection threshold, especially for heavy residues Coincidence measurements  Low CoM energy products  de-excitation fragments of the projectile  Coincidence measurements of light particles & heavy residues allow for mass / charge / energy balances to estimate the violence of the collision  study of the mechanisms with the excitation of the nuclei Detection  High detection efficiency of neutrons & charged particles  ~ 100 % geometrical efficiency for fragments of charge  3

3 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 3 First results of SPALADIN / S248 nHe LiBe Z boun d Average multiplicities Z σ(z), mb Contributions to the cross-section 56 Fe+p, 1 GeV per nucleon É. Le Gentil, thèse, Uni. Evry, sept. 2006 IMF  Z  3 Z bound   Z  2 Z

4 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 4 Physics programme of the spallation group Experiments in Cave C of GSI  S304: Study of the spallation of 28 Si+p & 136 Xe+p at 1 GeV  S293: Study of the fission channels of spallation with the excitation energy of the prefragment and with the fissility parameter of the projectile ( 238 U, 208 Pb & 181 Ta at 1 GeV) already accepted by C.S.T.SPhN & GSI E.A. (2 x 8 days of beam time) Spallation experiments at R 3 B  Coincidence measurements of 208 Pb+p & 238 U+p at 1 GeV  A+He & A+C for a comparison with A+p at the same CoM energies Fission experiments at R 3 B  Coulomb excitation of the projectile which leads to fission  Study of the low-energy fission of radioactive actinides R3BR3B

5 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 5 Low-energy fission studies Actinide secondary beams from the fragmentation of 238 U Electromagnetic fission of the fragment in the Coulomb field of a heavy target (Pb / Au)  Study of the fission-fragment distribution E * distributions after EM excitation in a Pb target at 430 A MeV calculated by K.H. Schmidt et al., Nucl. Phys. A665, 221 (2000) Fission fragment charge distributions measured for nuclei between 205 At and 221 Th by K.H. Schmidt et al., Nucl. Phys. A665, 221 (2000) Z N

6 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 6 Low-energy fission studies Additional information with R 3 B  Mass & charge of the fragments  Fission-fragments in coincidence  De-excitation neutrons or charged particles in coincidence Well defined fissioning system (A, Z, E * ) Mass & charged splitting as a function of M n or E * Ternary fission ? For all nuclei below 238 U - - Coincidence Binary Fragment mass distributions in ternary fission of 252 Cf with 4 He and Be as the light charged particles. From F. Gönnenwein et al., Nucl. Phys A734 (2004) 213

7 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 7 R 3 B hall in the FAIR facility GSI FAIR R3BR3B Cave C ALADiN

8 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 8 Combination of upstream and downstream detection  Improved A, Z et E * balances  Spallation, fragmentation  Identification (γ) of de-exciting nuclei  Fission of radioactive actinides TPC: Multi-purpose detector Target + detection 3 m 4 m TPC for R 3 B - GLAD Superconducting magnet R 3 B - GLAD RPC–TOF (Santiago) R 3 B hall

9 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 9 R 3 B GLAD magnet GSI Large Acceptance Dipole Main coil Side coil R 3 B GLAD built in Saclay  Study started in 2001 (5 th FP)  35 persons involved  30 m.y over 4 years Basic equipment of R 3 B Parameters   B.dl = 4.8 T.m  +/- 80 mrad in V & H planes for neutrons & charged fragments  Very low fringe field at the target  > 1 m from the target to the magnet  Active shielding To be delivered in 2010 R 3 B GLAD funding  3.5 M€ from EU CNI contract  1.5 M€ from the collaboration (News: This amount will be paid to Saclay by GSI in 2006)  ~ 2 M€ from Saclay (manpower)

10 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 10 R 3 B multi-track detector Needs for a new multi-track detector  Wider spatial distribution of the fragments at the exit magnet  Vertical drift of the primary electrons required for higher resolutions  MUSIC 4 detector cannot be used for R 3 B for a complete coverage of the final-state phase space Time-projection chamber  3D-tracking of multi-particle events  Cheapest solution for such a detector Parameters  H = 0.8 m, L = 1.2 m, W = 1 to 2.3 m  σ x = 100 μm  1 main direction for the fragments with small track angles  Large dynamics of the signals  two gas amplifications  5 samplings for low Z fragments, 4 samplings for high Z fragments

11 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 11 R 3 B time-projection chamber Fragment acceptance Magnet inner volume TPC volume

12 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 12 R 3 B time-projection chamber TPC sampling scheme PC: Proportional counters (high gas amplification)  low Z fragments IC: ionisation chambers (low gas amplification)  high Z fragments TPC electrostatics (vertical plane)

13 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 13 R 3 B TPC parameters MicroMegas gas amplification  Well known technology in Saclay/DAPNIA, rather inexpensive  Should prevent the return to the active volume of the slow positive ions created on the amplification sites (to be tested)  Will allow for a direct measurement of the drift time on the pads ~ 4000 channels (pads)  Discrete electronics for the pre-amplification/amplification  No requirement for a large development (as for microelectronics)  Not very expensive solution, will allow for possible evolution Flash-ADC readout  No big constraints on track density and pile-up  40 MHz sampling, 12-bit coding  Test with fADCs of the MUSIC 4

14 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 14 R 3 B TPC project Prototype for source and beam tests (2007)  10 x 10 x 30 cm 3, (H x W x L)  3 rows of 20 pads (0.5 x 10 cm 2 )  Equipped with the discrete electronics and fADCs of MUSIC 4 Investment  ~ 140 k€ / year over 4 years Planning (first draft)  Q4 2006 – Q2 2007: Project evaluation: Resources and manpower Construction and tests of the prototype  Q1 2007 – Q2 2008: Detailed studies  Q1 2008: Beam tests with 12 C and, afterwards, a high Z beam  Q3 2008 – Q4 2010: Construction & delivery

15 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 15 Conclusions R 3 B, a unique opportunity for the spallation group  The R 3 B collaboration objectives are in total overlap with our experimental method: Coincidence measurements, inverse kinematics  The quality of the setup will allow us to reach our “Graal”: The coincidence measurement of the spallation of 208 Pb and 238 U with high resolution, high geometrical and detection efficiencies  The physics programme of R 3 B and the secondary beams will provide the possibility to broaden our scientific case, in the ion – ion reaction- mechanism field, using the same experimental techniques, to radioactive beams (e.g. the Coulomb induced fission of radioactive actinides) Technical implications for the DAPNIA  A challenging superconducting large aperture magnet  A versatile TPC for spallation studies & possibly more…

16 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 16 R 3 B magnet Main coil

17 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 17 What did we do this year for the R 3 B – magnet ?  Started the CNI contract 515876 “DIRAC – Phase 1”, Oct. 1 st, 2005  Worked to follow the recommendations of the FP5-PDR  Studied : –The reduction of the peak field (which was equal to 7.5 T) by introducing spacers, reshaping the coils or decreasing the current density (80 A/mm²); –A more classical protection system with an external dump resistor;  Performed a complete 3D computation to study the very high level of the magnetic forces (300 to 400 t/m) in the coil casing and the cold mass;  Presented this work at a Technical Design Review on the 4 th of July, with emphasis on the general design and the conductor specification;  Heard the review Committee’s recommendations;  Defined the conductor to order in the industry. R 3 B magnet project-team work fulfilled

18 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 18 Parameters of the magnet: -Angular aperture +/- 80 mrad horizontally and vertically -Transparency to neutrons & to transport of 1 GeV proton with HI -Free space of 1 m around the target, for detectors -Vacuum connection between the beam pipe and the cryostat -Thermal screen and thick inner vacuum vessel -Thick cold casing around the coils to deal with the magnetic forces New geometry after optimisation: -Distance from the target to the magnet entrance = 1.450 m, -A horizontal angle of the beam direction w.r.to the magnet axis = 14˚ -Vertical and horizontal angles of the coils = 5° & 18.6° The fringe field around the target needs to be checked ( < 20 mT ?) Magnet acceptance re-definition / optimisation

19 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 19 Magnetic design -Status: The peak-field decreased from 7.5 T to 6.35 T, the same value in main coils and in lateral coils. This allows in the same time the temperature stability margin to increase from 1 K up to 1.5 K  Trying to suppress the spacers for simplicity & cost  Trying to reduce the current density by increasing the length of the coils -Recommendation: The field sensitivity to coil deformations, movements or misalignments should be quantified to set the requirements for the further mechanical studies. 4 th of July, 2006 - Technical Design Review

20 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 20 Conductor studies Status: Completed Recommendation: Our idea is confirmed, the Rutherford cable design provides sufficient stiffness & is preferable, due to a reduced number of joints Winding & cold mass integration Status: General concept defined with further studies on the coil precompression and the casing tolerances Recommendation: Test specimens necessary to confirm the final design, as this point is a critical issue (e.g. to ensure quench-back) Mechanical studies - Coil casing Status: Use of arches to reduce the coil deformation to less than 1 mm ; 3D computation of the mechanical behaviour Recommendation: OK, to be further explored 4 th of July, 2006 - Technical Design Review

21 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 21 Mechanical studies - Cryostat & Integration 2 Status: Conical vessel design accepted (cost to be considered); the stiffness of the inner vessel has been studied within the space constraints Recommendation: The choice between 1 or 3 supports is to be decided in the detailed design Electrical circuit: Protection study & Power system Status: Conventional design of external dump resistor studied; Quench-back effect is important to keep peak temperatures down, ensuring the thermal contact between coil and casing is crucial Recommendation: Quench calculations with less or even no quench-back should be studied 4 th of July, 2006 - Technical Design Review

22 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 22 Cryogenics Status: The cryogenic system based on thermo-siphon is well advanced and accepted by the committee Recommendation: The concept is accepted; a more accurate analysis should be performed that include frictional losses & the possibility of vapour pocket formation in near horizontal branches Instrumentation & Control Status: Well advanced Recommendation: Ensure a correct interface with FAIR and R 3 B Assembly, test and Installation Recommendation: Interfaces with GSI should be further studied (incl. transport and moving requirements) 4 th of July, 2006 - Technical Design Review

23 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 23 2006/2007 – Main Tasks Magnetic design optimisation - Oct. 2006 –Mechanical sensitivity study & transport resolution optimisation Interface-definition meeting with GSI-FAIR - Oct.-Nov. 2006 Cold Mass mechanical studies –Cold Casing: Further coil pre-stress study - 2006 Q4 –Detailed winding & Integration study - 2007 Q1-Q2 Technical Design Review 2 (Industrial specification) - Jan. 2007 Superconducting cable delivery and test - March - Q4 2007 Cold Casing Order - 2007 Q1 & Q2 Winding & Integration 1 Order - 2007 Q3

24 CEA DSM Dapnia Reaction mechanisms in the GeV range - Jean-Eric Ducret - C.S.T. SPhN meeting9th of October, 2006 24 Delays in the work plan Main sources of delay –In Saclay, the real start of the project was delayed (because of the difficulty of constituting a new team; as a lot of people were working on other tasks when the R 3 B approval decision has been known: + 3 months, up to + 4 months for mechanics)  Real start at Saclay : 2006 – Q1 –The final assembly time was underestimated and will be increased by 7 months: + 5 months before test at Saclay + 4 months before test at GSI - 2 months (duration of the final test at GSI reduced) (Reason: Initially, the final assembly, mainly of vacuum, cryogenic or electric connections, was regarded as “preparation of the tests”. After a detailed task analysis, it appears that it was not possible to put these tasks either in parallel with integration 2, or included in the test duration. But they should be placed between) Total estimated delay: 3 + 7 months  Planned date for delivery: 2010 – Q2

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