1. The human eye and colorful world

2. THE HUMAN EYE The human eye is like a camera.
Its lens system forms an image on light sensitive screen called the RETINA.
Light enters the eye through a thin membrane called the CORNEA.
The crystalline lense merely provides the finer adjustment of focal length required to focus objects at different distance on the retina.

4. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF EYE
PUPIL
IRIS
CORNEA
CILIARY MUSCLES
RETINA
OPTIC NERVES
CRYSTALLINE LENSE

5. POWER OF ACCOMODATION
The eye lense is composed of a fibrous ,jelly like material.
Its curvature can be modified to some extent by the CILLIARY MUSCLES.
The ability of the eye lense to adjust its focal length is called ACCOMODATION
To see an object comfortably and distinctly you must hold it at about 25cm from the eyes.
For a young adult with normal vision ,the NEAR POINT is about 25 cm and THE FARTHEST POINT upto which the eye can see an object clearly is called the far point of of the eye.

6. DEFECTS OF VISION AND THEIR CORRECTION
Sometimes ,the eye may gradually lose its power of accomodation . In such conditions ,the person cannot see the objects distinctly and comfortably.
There are mainly three common refractive defects of vision. These are :-
1.) MYOPIA 2.) HYPERMYOPIA
3.) PRESBYOPIA

7. MYOPIA
HYPERMYOPIA
PRESBYOPIA

8. MYOPIA MYOPIA is also known as NEAR- SIGHTEDNESS.
A person with myopia can see nearly objects clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly.
In a myopic eye,the image of a distant objects is formed in front of the retina and not at the retina itself.
This defect may arise due to :-
Excessive curvature of eye lens
Elongation of eye ball

9. CORRECTION OF MYOPIA
The myopia can be corrected by using a CONCAVE LENS of suitable power. It will bring the image back on to the retina and thus the defect is corrected.

10. HYPERMYOPIA
HYPERMYOPIA is also known as FAR- SIGHTEDNESS. A person with hypermetropia can see distant objects clearly but cannot see nearby objects distintly. The near point ,for the person ,is farther away from the normal near point 25cm. This defect arises due to :- 1.the focal length of the eye lens is too long 2. the eyeball has become too small.

12. PRESBYOPIA
The power of accommodation of the eye usually decrease with ageing .
people are difficult to see nearby objects comfortably and distinctly without corrective eye-glasses. These defect is called PRESBYOPIA
It arises due to the gradual weakening of the CILIARY MUSCLES and diminishing flexibility of the eye lens.

14. CORRECTION OF PRESBYOPIA
such people often requires bi-focal lenses.
A common type of BI-FOCAL LENSES consist of both CONCAVE and CONVEX lenses.
The upper portion consists of a concave lens. It facilitates distant vision.
The lower part is a convex lens. It facilitates near vision.

15. REFRACTION OF LIGHT THROUGH A PRISM
The prism has probably split the incident light into bond of colors.

16. DISPERSION OF LIGHT THROUGH A PRISM

17. DISPERSION OF LIGHT
The various colors seen are VIOLET,INDIGO,BLUE,RED, ORANGE,GREEN,YELLOW.
The acronymVIBGYOR will help you to remember the sequence of colours.
‘’The splitting of light through a prism into its component colors is called DISPERSON.’’