1. Low Level RF and Controls Brian Chase - LLRF Margaret Votava - Controls

2. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review2 Scope of LLRF Projects Vertical Test Stand – Cavity testing with automation - analog LLRF (TD/Jlab) Horizontal Test Stands –Dressed cavity testing - DESY/FNAL LLRF controller(Simcon) Simcon is a 10 channel input VME controller developed for DESY High Intensity Neutrino Source HINS –325 MHz, Fast Ferrite Vector Modulator -, LBNL/SNS//FNAL Coupler Conditioning Stand –1.3 GHz and 3.9 GHz - rack and stack -> Simcon NML - Full RF Unit Test - no beam –3 Cryomodules with 24 cavities - Simcon followed by FNAL design (MFC Module) NML - Photo Injector Source - beam to test string –Beam based calibration, beam loading, phase reference line - Simcon

3. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review3 Key LLRF R&D Issues ILC and HINS require the next generation RF Control System –Global 0.1% RMS beam energy regulation Test worst case beam loading of buncher section at NML Can we meet the regulation specs? –Multi-cavity regulation per klystron system ( 26 for ILC, 48 for HINS) Will these schemes work with different cavity gradients? –Active Piezo-electric tuner feedback system Can we control the cavity to 10 or 20 Hz? –Fast Ferrite Vector Modulator control - HINS Another tough regulation ? –Long Haul Phase Reference distribution This looks like it might work on the bench, but can it work for the ILC? –Automation to fit the ILC machine scale Self calibration Self diagnostic Global regulation with beam based feedback The ILC will not operate without this automation –High reliability, modular, low heat load, and low cost –$$$ for large machines

4. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review4 Our Path to Meet these Goals Evolve the 10 channel DESY Simcon system –Higher Intermediate Frequency development –Fermilab is producing a next version Simcon card to improve noise and bandwidth performance Status: close to production Develop a Multi-Channel Field Control Module (MFC) –33 ADC channels, FPGA, DSP, 4 DAC channels –High density, low cost, low power and is based on VXI –Status: Front-end testing complete, close to production Develop the analog RF sections –96 channel receivers –Transmitter –Master Oscillator –Phase Reference Distribution with pulsed reference line

5. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review5 Sources of Perturbations o Beam loadingo Cavity dynamics - Beam current fluctuations- cavity filling - Pulsed beam transients- settling time of field - Multipacting and field emission - Excitation of HOMso Cavity resonance frequency change - Excitation of other passband modes- thermal effects (power dependent) - Wake fields- Microphonics - Lorentz force detuning o Cavity drive signal - HV- Pulse flatnesso Other - HV PS ripple- Response of feedback system - Phase noise from master oscillator- Interlock trips - Timing signal jitter- Thermal drifts (electronics, power - Mismatch in power distributionamplifiers, cables, power transmission system)

6. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review6 NML with 3 Cryo-modules

7. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review7 LLRF Rack Detail

8. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review8 3 Cryomodule Field Controller

9. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review9 M Pulse Transformer & Oil Tank IGBT Switch & Bouncer CAP BANK 8 kV 96 kV Charging Supply 300kW MODULATOR 325 MHz 2.5 MW 1ms@10Hz or 4ms@2.5 Hz WR2300 Distribution Waveguide IQMIQM E IQMIQM B IQMIQM T IQMIQM R F Q IQMIQM Fast Ferrite Isolated I/Q Modulators RF Couplers S IQMIQM S IQMIQM R IQMIQM S IQMIQM S IQMIQM R IQMIQM 400kW S IQMIQM S IQMIQM R IQMIQM S IQMIQM S IQMIQM R IQMIQM 10kV H- Medium Energy Beam Transport Copper Cavities Radio Frequency Quadrupole Cryomodule #1 Cryomodule #2 20 kW circulator TOSHIBA E3740A IQMIQM High Power Amplitude/Phase Control for HINS 20 kW 120 kW Conceptually applicable to ILC Fast, high power I/Q modulators are essential in low-β section for operating multiple cavities from single klystron

10. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review10 Prototype Master Oscillator 1300 MHz low noise DRO: 10MHz VCXO: Programmable frequency outputs

11. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review11 Prototype LO Gen/Down-converter 2nd harmonic -69dBc 1313 MHz Local Oscillator

12. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review12 CC2 Results with 13 MHz IF 250 kHz IF13MHz IF 2.5%1.75% G = 70

13. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review13 Piezo-electric Control of CC2 Piezo Drive -green Cavity Probe - Cyan Reflected Power - Magenta The Piezo-electric actuator counteracts the Lorentz force to maintain the cavity on resonance Cavity field @ 25 MV/m

14. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review14 Real Time Cavity Simulator Justin Keung, UPenn

15. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review15 Collaborations Weekly telecom for LLRF – FNAL, DESY, Warsaw ELHEP, KEK, ANL, LBNL, SNS, JLAB, INFN, and U of Penn Weekly telecom for ILC Controls –FNAL, ANL, SLAC, DESY, KEK Weekly telecom for ILC HLRF Collaborative projects- –Controller design for XFEL and ILCTA (DESY, FNAL) –Long Haul Phase Reference Line (ANL, FNAL…) –HINS LLRF (LBNL, SNS, FNAL) –Master Oscillator (DESY, FNAL) –Real time Cavity Simulator (U of Penn, DESY, FNAL) –Piezo-electric resonance control ( INFN, JLAB, FNAL) –Data Management (FNAL, ANL)

16. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review16 Staging LLRF and Controls LLRF and Controls may be staged along with other key components –BUT…nothing will operate without some version of these systems. R&D is manpower intensive R&D requires sustained long term effort to meet design goals and to be cost effective Growing expertise and training new people in in these systems is critical to the success of any future large SCRF project

17. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review17 Summary New technologies from the telecom industry(ADC,FPGA, etc) allow for the development of the next generation LLRF systems –These next generation designs will be very flexible and will apply to light sources and other new machines We need these systems to achieve the stated goals of SCRF R&D here at Fermilab –The performance of these systems directly affect the performance of the accelerator as a whole. Now is the right time to do this development –The proposed R&D is key for large scale accelerator projects LLRF is on track to support the ILCTA program given the present budget profile

18. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review18 SCRF Control Scope Controls R&D is focused in two areas 1)R&D to create stable and robust controls system for SCRF R&D program 2)R&D for ILC Controls This request addresses only the SCRF R&D program Want to make ourselves available for ILC Controls R&D –Control system is recognized critical for ILC success –NML is strong site for controls R&D Running with ILC beam parameters (ish) Conveniently located near institutions involved in global controls effort (ANL, FNAL) Close collaborators with others (DESY, SLAC). –Not much GDE funding in near term, but will come.

19. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review19 SCRF Control Goals 1.Provide an operationally stable system for the automatic procedures needed for cavity and cryomodule testing 2.Provide a consistent controls infrastructure for all the facilities: VTS, HTS, NML. –VTS controls in the SNS package. Interface to common electronic logbook/data management systems. 3.Provide an infrastructure that can readily integrate components developed at collaborating institutions 4.Provide a work area conducive ILC Controls R&D These goals are not always compatible. –Balance needs to be found

20. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review20 SCRF Focus Infrastructure support –Core controls system(s) support, development, and configuration management including code packaging and distribution Controls systems include EPICS, DOOCS and diagnostic systems such as LabView and MatLab –Develop cavity data management system –Additional component support including system management, electronic logbook, cavity data management system Test area specific –NML specific development Develop timing and clock system that are required for first beam operation Develop interfaces for new components for instrumentation and control Develop controls interface for ATCA BPMs Develop/configure NML application software –HTS/VTS ongoing support – updating processes, and user interfaces as more experience with the cavities is gleaned.

21. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review21 beam-line for advanced beam instrumentation, e.g. EOS, Laser-wire, OTRI, cavity BPM’s,… NML Beam Instrumentation RF-gun booster cavities 1 & 2 3.9 Ghz cav doublet tripletquads beam trans. bunch compressor dipole low energy injector dump ILC Module 1 OOTSS O BOCBY F TB T OY O OSO T PSO O C S P TSY O S O S S O T doublet S O BT OS OS S O T high energy intensity dump triplet doublet dog leg test beam-line (TBD) BC HOM couplers T Beam current / bunch charge (T:toroid) Time-of-flight or beam phase monitor Synchrotron light bunch length monitor BPM (B:button, S:stripline, C:cavity, PS:perp. stripline) Screen monitor (Y:YaG, O:OTR, C:CTR, S:slit, F:F-cup) S SS doubletdipole

22. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review22 NML Controls Overview DOOCS IOC (LLRF) EPICS IOC (CRYO) EPICS IOC (TIMING) EPICS IOC (ATCA BPM) DOOCS IOC (OTR) … … LabView App (Diagnostics) MatLab App (Diagnostics) DOOCS APP (State Machine) EPICS App (Alarming) Electronic Logbook (CRL) Data Management DOOCSEPICSLabViewMatLabAncillary applications 1G Ethernet …

23. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review23 Controls Resources Needed Labor - ~12 FTE annually –Infrastructure support –NML specific support –HTS/VTS support –Cavity Data Management Development (1 year only) M&S: ~ $950K –Gigabit network infrastructure –RF interlocks –Event clock/timing system –Data acquisition and control (IOCs) –Local consoles, archiving, logbook.. –Control room outfitting Detailed costing available in spreadsheet

24. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review24 ILC Overview – from RDR Front End Middleware Services User Displays

25. Fermilab Feb 13-14, 2007DOE SCRF Review25 ILC Controls R&D High Availability –Evaluating ATCA as a standard outside of instrumentation –Diagnostic Interface Layer –Evaluation of high availability software techniques in all layers –Standards, standardization, quality assurance Timing/feedback –Precision timing and RF phase distribution –Extensive reliance on automation and beam based feedback Controls system studies –Conflict Avoidance –Fault detection and recovery Scalability –R&D needed to configure/control/monitor a control system as complex as the ILC. Remote operations –Provide a framework which is supportive of remote operations R&D such as role based access.