1. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu RNAAC combinations in the IGS Thomas Herring, tah@mit.edu,tah@mit.edu Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT

2. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu OVERVIEW Regional densification SINEX files generated since GPS week 860 (June 96). (Global SINEX since week 819 (September 95). Up to eight different regional analyses have been submitted: ASI (Spain), AUS (Australia), GIA (Alaska), GSI (Japan), SIR (S. America), NAR (NAREF), EUR (EUREF), PGC (Canada) Analysis Procedure Comparison with PBO analysis mehod Future developments. 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC2

3. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu Procedures RNAAC solutions are run with a 4-week (originally), then 5-week and most recently 6-week delay after generation of IGS final products (these lags have become a problem) Most common contributors have been EURef, SIRGAS and GSI. Recently on GSI coming in on time. Largest contributor was NAREF but they stopped after week 1400 due to phase-center model implementation. GNAAC is IGS AC combination (compared with Remi Ferland’s official combination). All sites included. RNAAC is regional solutions combined with GNAAC solution. 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC3

4. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu Method Most recent (since week 1396). –SINEX indicates that only loose constraints applied (GSI, EUR and SIR) so we add rotation and translation covariance to loosen solution –Each center is combined with GNAAC solution and chi- squared/f of combined used to determine scale factor for covariance matrix. This method can have problems when only a small number of common stations. Rescaling factors are closer to unity than GNAAC solutions. –RNAAC solutions are combined with GNAAC and system aligned to IGS05. –RMS of change in the position of the stations in the GNAAC solution computed to see impact of RNAAC –SINEX file of combined solution submitted to CDDIS with summary file. 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC4

5. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu RNAAC Stations (Red), GNAAC (Black) 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC5 Certain areas are still not be densified.

6. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu Number of sites in solutions 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC6

7. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu RNAAC Impact 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC7 RMS of change in global sites when RNAAC solutions added

8. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu Recent impact (post week 1400) 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC8 Figure also shows recent lose of contributing solutions

9. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu 2/11/2008PBO seminar9 PBO GPS Data Analysis ACs (NMT and CWU) are routinely generating PBO GPS data products –Rapid Sinex files: 24 hour latency –Final Sinex files: 6-13 day latency, weekly run started after IGS final products become available –Supplemental Sinex files: 12-week latency, weekly run. Includes missed sites and a 3-4 tie sites from final runs to link network. Tests show performance similar to finals. Bias fixing not quite so good due typically to wider site spacing. –Supplemental runs also add sites to original final submission (until re- processing generates new set of final runs). –SINEX and RMS files ftp’d to MIT –Recently campaign processing (Bob Smith) added to processing first as an additional run similar to the supplemental runs and once caught up, included in the supplementals. –Added USGS processing of SCIGN sites (SCEC funding). Results appear in combined product.

10. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu 2/11/2008PBO seminar10 PBO Combination Analysis ACC: –Rotates, translates, and scales each AC to PBO SNARF reference frame; check and correct meta data (when possible) –Combine AC results and transforms combined product to PBO SNARF (Stable North America Reference Frame) –Outlier checks and report generated that is emailed to pbo_acs@chandler.mit.edu pbo_acs@chandler.mit.edu –SINEX and time-series files sent to UNAVCO via LDM –The PBO realization of SNARF is updated about once-per-year: Requires re-submission of all frame defined sinex files and time series files. Latest version 20070919173418. At 6-month intervals updates are made for new stations. (Reference frame sites are not updated in these incremental updates and thus the time series and SINEX do not need release.

11. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu 2/11/2008PBO seminar11 PBO SNARF Reference Frame 254 sites used to estimate daily rotation, translation and scale onto the North America Frame. Outlier detection during estimation. Red: IGS reference sites Yellow PBO/ Nucleus sites Here we align to IGS rather than merge with GNAAC (Time scale difference PBO daily not weekly).

12. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu 2/11/2008PBO seminar12 WRMS daily scatter: PBO Sites Daily RMS Scatters Combined solution for PBO Sites Median North 1.1 mm Median East 1.4 mm Median Height 3.9 mm Results from 2004 to present Linear trends removed. Total 691 sites

13. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu RNAAC Statistics 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC13 Weekly WRMS Scatters Regional solution Median North 1.5 mm Median East 1.5 mm Median Height 5.9 mm Results are for post-Week 1400 Total 352 sites (need at least 50 weeks)

14. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu GNAAC Statistics 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC14 Weekly WRMS Scatters Global solution Median North 1.2 mm Median East 1.4 mm Median Height 4.1 mm Results post week 1400 Total sites 275 (need at least 50 weeks)

15. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu 2/11/2008PBO seminar15 RMS scatters for Nucleus sites (purple) and PBO sites (yellow), RMS scatter > 3 mm (black, 1mm).Red circle shows 1 mm RMS scatter

16. Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue | Cambridge MA 02139 V 617.253.2127 F 617.253.8292 | eapsinfo@mit.edu Prospects Recently few RNAAC solutions being submitted. Maybe for regional centers access to IGS reference through orbits and local IGS stations is adequate. This procedure adopted by PBO and allows common- mode error to be reduced in regional time series. PBO generates and makes openly available SINEX files of solutions which can be merged with global GPS networks if desired. Maybe there is no need for IGS to generate weekly RNAAC solution (operators can do themselves) There is a need for availability of non-constrained SINEX files from regional analysis that can be merged for densification of ITRF. 06/05/08IGS ACWS TAH RNAAC16