1. Wireless Communication David Kopczyk

2. AM/FM Most current wireless tech utilizes FM Radio Transmission

3. Uses different bands split into channels 802.11b - 2.4GHz, 22MHz channels 802.11g - 2.4GHz, 20MHz channels 802.11n - 2.4/5GHz, 20/40MHz channels 802.11ac - 5GHz, 20/40/80/160MHz channels Utilizes beacon frames to advertise devices Wi-fi

4. Consists of header, body, and CRC field Body Contents: Capability Information (2 bytes) -capability of network using bitmasks Beacon Frame

5. Timestamp (8 bytes) -uses Kilo-microsecond (TU) Beacon Interval (2 bytes) -also uses TU SSID Supported data rates http://mrncciew.com/2014/10/08/802-11-mgmt-beacon-frame/ http://www.mathworks.com/help/comm/examples/ieee-802-11-wlan-beacon-frame.html Beacon Frame

6. 2.4GHz band, 79 1MHz channels Channel-hops 1600 times a second Bluetooth Basics

7. 1. Access Code: It is 72 bit field that contains synchronization bits. It identifies the master. 2. Header: This is 54-bit field. It contain 18 bit pattern that is repeated for 3 time. The header field contains following subfields: (i) Address: This 3 bit field can define up to seven slaves (1 to 7). If the address is zero, it is used for broadcast communication from primary to all secondaries. (ii)Type: This 4 bit field identifies the type of data coming from upper layers. (iii) F: This flow bit is used for flow control. When set to 1, it means the device is unable to receive more frames. (iv) A: This bit is used for acknowledgement. (v) S: This bit contains a sequence number of the frame to detect retransmission. As stop and wait protocol is used, one bit is sufficient. (vi) Checksum: This 8 bit field contains checksum to detect errors in header. 3. Data: This field can be 0 to 2744 bits long. It contains data or control information coming from upper layers http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/communication-networks/bluetooth Bluetooth Frame

8. Uses Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) Broadcasts a single frame every second Frame contains: UUID Major ID Minor ID Transmitted power iBeacon

9. 02 # Number of bytes that follow in first AD structure 01 # Flags AD type 1A # Flags value 0x1A = 000011010 bit 0 (OFF) LE Limited Discoverable Mode bit 1 (ON) LE General Discoverable Mode bit 2 (OFF) BR/EDR Not Supported bit 3 (ON) Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (controller) bit 4 (ON) Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR to Same Device Capable (Host) 1A # Number of bytes that follow in second (and last) AD structure FF # Manufacturer specific data AD type 4C 00 # Company identifier code (0x004C == Apple) 02 # Byte 0 of iBeacon advertisement indicator 15 # Byte 1 of iBeacon advertisement indicator e2 c5 6d b5 df fb 48 d2 b0 60 d0 f5 a7 10 96 e0 # iBeacon proximity uuid 00 00 # major 00 00 # minor c5 # The 2's complement of the calibrated Tx Power iBeacon Frame

10. Open-source community response to Apple’s patent Same as iBeacon, but can also transmit additional data fields Altbeacon

12. Titanium Mobile SDK Android Library Documentation Module Code Sample Code Altbeacon Spec Demo