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3. $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 CourtcasesConstitutionalAmendmentsConstitutionalclauses Study Guide Study GuideMixKeytermsImportantPeople

4. C1-$100 - $100 What is the Elastic Clause? States that Congress can exercise those powers that are “necessary and proper” for carrying out the enumerated powers, e.g., establishment of the first Bank of the United Sates.

5. C1-$200 - $200 What is an informal amendment? A change in the meaning, but not the wording, of the Constitution, e.g., through a court decisions such as Brown v. Board.

6. C1-$300 - $300 Define Liberal Political ideology associated with those that favor more government involvement and action to meet individual and societal needs.

7. C1-$400 - $400 What is Selective Exposure? a concept that is defined as the tendency of favoring information that strengthens pre-existing views while avoiding conflicting information. It is that act of being in acceptance with that which seems to confirm our actions and approaches and ignoring the rest.

8. C1-$500 - $500 What is Legislative Oversight? Ongoing process of congressional monitoring of the executive branch to ensure that the latter complies with the law.

9. C2-$100 - $100 What did the United States v. Lopez establish? Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress’ authority to regulate interstate commerce.

10. C2-$200 - $200 What did the McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) establish? Established principle of national supremacy and validity of implied powers

11. C2-$300 - $300 What did Baker V. Carr determine? Determined that legislative apportionment was a justiciable issue, or a matter that can be argued and decided in the court of law since it pertains to possible constitutional violations

12. C2-$400 - $400 What did the Buckley V. Valeo clarify? This case clarified what is permissible in regards to campaign contributions. One part of the decisions held that restrictions on individual contributions to political campaigns and candidates did not violate the First Amendment. Another part of the decision found that restricting the amount that candidates themselves can contribute to their own campaigns does in fact violate the First Amendment.

13. C2-$500 - $500 What was the Wesberry v. Sanders court case about? What did it establish? It was a U.S Supreme Court case involving U.S. Congressional districts in the state of Georgia. The Court issued its ruling on February 17, 1964. This decision requires each state to draw its U.S. Congressional districts so that they are approximately equal in population.

14. C3-$100 - $100 What is the1st Amendment (1791) ? The right to free speech, press, assembly, petition, and religion

15. C3-$200 - $200 What is the 18th Amendment (1919)? Prohibition of liquor

16. C3-$300 - $300 What is the 26th Amendment (1971)? 18 year olds gain the right to vote

17. C3-$400 - $400 What is the 24th Amendment (1964)? Prohibits federal and state governments from charging poll tax

18. C3-$500 - $500 What is the 27th Amendment (1992)? Any change in congressional salaries takes place after the general election

19. C4-$100 - $100 What does the Contracts Clause (Article 1, S 10, clause 1) state? No state can interfere with the execution of contracts. For example, a state could not pass a law that declares all debts to be null and void

20. C4-200 - $200 What does the Equal Protection Clause (14 th Amendment) state? State cannot unreasonably discriminate against individuals. They must treat people “equally”

21. C4-$300 - $300 What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause (Article IV, S 1) state? A state must recognize the validity of the public acts, records, and court decisions of other state. For example, a state must recognize as valid the birth certificates issued by another state.

22. C4-$400 - $400 What does the Takings Clause (5 th Amendment) state? Government can take private property for a public purpose, but it must provide fair compensation to the owners of that property.

23. C4-$500 - $500 What does the Search and Seizure Clause (4 th Amendment) state? This is a protection against unreasonable search and seizure. The authorities don't have a general power to search and arrest individuals at any time, at any place, and in any manner; rather, they can only do so according to specified procedures that must be “reasonable”

24. C6-$100 - $100 James Madison Who’s known as the father of the Constitution.

25. C6-$200 - $200 James Madison and Alexander Hamilton Who established the Federalist Papers?

26. C6-$300 - $300 Who was the first president to come out on television? Franklin D. Roosevelt

27. C6-$400 - $400 Chief Justice John Marshall Who defended the national supremacy view of the newly formed federal government?

28. C6-$500 - $500 Who is Elbridge Gerry? A Massachusetts state senate who I known for gerrymandering. Gerrymandering is a practice that attempts to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries to create partisan advantaged districts

29. C5-$200 - $100 What does the national supremacy state? It states that the federal law is supreme law

30. C5-$300 - $200 What is a trial balloon? Something that you do or say in order to see whether other people will accept

31. C5-$500 - $300 It is known as the “friend of the court” brief filed by an interest group to influence a Supreme Court decision. What is Amicus Carie?

32. C5-$400 - $400 What does full faith and credit address? It addresses the duties that states within the U.S. have to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state”.

33. C5-$100 - $500 What is the Pluralist Theory? The power is relatively broadly distributed among many more or less organized interest groups in society that compete with one another to control public policy where one or two groups dominate in one specific area, while the other groups dominate another specific area