1. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 1 Emergency Services for 802.11 Date: 2007-04-11 Authors:

2. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 2 Note This presentation was originally produced for an IEEE 802 tutorial on 13 th March 2007. This version has been re-formatted and shortened for: –2 nd SDO Emergency Workshop, Washington D.C. 2007

3. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 3 Content Scope & Motive Introduction Requirements IEEE 802.11 Use Case with IEEE 802.21 IS Vehicular Communications Concluding Issues

4. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 4 Introduction This presentation reflects work in progress. Its intention is to inform members about ongoing efforts to standardise emergency services within IEEE 802. It does not attempt to provide definitive solutions to all problems. It hopefully will encourage all projects and members to consider whether their technology will meet the future requirements of regulatory bodies for emergency service provision.

5. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 5 Scope Within this tutorial we define Emergency Services as: –Suitable for IEEE 802 Wireless technologies –Emergency voice calls –Network push alerts (e.g. Emergency Alert System – EAS) –Vehicle communication –non-VoIP calls (e.g. multi-media) Three types of Emergency Service (ES) –citizen-to-authority –authority-to-citizen –authority-to-authority

6. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 6 Motive There is an overarching concern for a consistent approach by standards development organizations (SDOs – see later) to address social policy expectations, such as full Emergency Service capability, in relation to emerging access technologies. Location identification and callback capability represent baseline requirements for emergency service. Call integrity is of prime concern

7. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 7 Requirements

8. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 8 Emergency Calls in Random Countries Philippines: 112 or 911; police 117 Singapore: fire and medical 995; police 999; 112 and 911 can be dialed from mobile phones South Korea: police 112; fire and medical 119 Sri Lanka: police emergency 119 accident service 11-2691111 Lithuania: 112; fire 01, 101, or 011; police 02, 102, or 022; medical 03, 103, or 033. Note: the non-112 numbers are for separate emergency services differ in distinct telecommunications networks, whereas 112 available on all networks. Vietnam: 115; police 113; fire 114 Switzerland: fire 118; police 117; medical 144; poison 145; road emergency 140; psychological support (free and anonymous) 143; psychological support for teens and children (free and anonymous) 147; helicopter air-rescue (Rega) 1414 or by radio on 161.300 MHz.Rega http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_telephone_number#Emergency_number s_by_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_telephone_number#Emergency_number s_by_country

9. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 9 Emergency Alert System (EAS) http://wonkette.com/politics/television/emergency-alert-system-actually-used-183830.php

10. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 10 IEEE 802.11

11. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 11 MAC Regulatory Updates MAC QoS Enhancements Enhanced Security Mechanisms Management Frame Security PHY 2.4GHz High Rate >20Mbps 2.4 GHz Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum 1 Mbps 2 Mbps (optional) 2.4 GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 1 Mbps 2 Mbps Infra-Red 1 Mbps 2 Mbps (opt) 2.4 GHz 802.11b 5.5 Mbps 11 Mbps 5 GHz 802.11a 6, 12, 24 Mbps 9-54 Mbps (opt) A B E W G I Publicity SC Wireless Next Generation SC Maintenance M 5 GHz Spectrum Managed H Japan Extensions J Radio Resource Measurements K 5 GHz High Throughput N Wireless Performance Prediction T Fast BSS Transition R Wireless Access Vehicular Environment P ESS Mesh S Wireless Network Management V D C 1997 Published as IEEE Standard 1997 IEEE Std. 802.11-1997 White Initial capabilities in White International Standard 1999 ISO/IEC 8802-11: 1999 Green Completed additions in Green Reaffirmed 802.11 2003 yellow Completed work in yellow red Active 2005 work in red Blue Active 2007 work in Blue Interworking with External Networks U IEEE 802.11 Working Group

12. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 12 Standardized RF Measurements and Methods Basic measurements available to upper layers from AP and Client -Neighbor lists for AP’s - Client association to AP lists -Noise histograms - Channel Loading -Station Statistics - Link Measurement -Location Configuration Information -Transmit stream measurement -Accurate power level measurements in dBm referenced at the antenna Better diagnostics -Obtaining information in a standard form from all equipment Enable better frequency planning and network optimization and performance -Automated signal/interference surveys Enable new services -Location awareness capabilities for AP’s and Clients 802.11 –Configuration for STA and very limited proprietray RF measurements –Widely implemented in APs, but not standardized –Very simple monitoring of global AP statistics (proprietary implementations only) 802.1x –Detailed auth state for individual 1x ports –Also some per port statistics –Not widely implemented in access points today Bridge MIB –Possible to get some info on which STAs are associated with an AP –Implemented in some APs –Not 802.11 specific, little MAC, and no PHY statistics Task Group k - Migrating Current MIBs… To… NETWORK LINK/MAC PHY

13. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 13 Task Group v - Migrating Present Mechanisms… Radio Resource Management via CSMA and backoff Disorganized Reuse No Coordination (except proprietary methods) Interference growing Channels likely to be too noisy for QoS Disciplined Wireless Network Management Reuse via space, time, frequency AP’s synchronized from common backbone AP’s/clients communicate across RF channel Discovery process, followed by self-organizing Enable auto-configuration processes Enable Cognitive Radio interference avoidance Wireless Network Management Task Group begun by AT&T Jan 2005 Disciplined Wireless Network Management Reuse via space, time, frequency AP’s synchronized from common backbone AP’s/clients communicate across RF channel Discovery process, followed by self-organizing Enable auto-configuration processes Enable Cognitive Radio interference avoidance Wireless Network Management Task Group begun by AT&T Jan 2005 NETWORK LINK/MAC PHY To…

14. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 14 Objectives: –To be an integral part in the production of a generically applicable interworking standard for WWAN and other public networks. –To be a point of resolution for ETSI, IEEE and MMAC on issues and questions related to interworking with WWAN and other public networks. Convergence of WLAN, WWAN, Networks Multiple Standards Internet Service Providers QoS Security Authentication IEEE 802.11 WIG GSM Association PassOne IETF The Open Group 3GPP Wi-Fi Alliance H2GF MMAC 3GPP2 } Task Group u

15. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 15 Generalized Emergency Call procedure Location determination ( in cellular networks, this might be done by the network on behalf of the mobile phone) with Location Configuration Protocols (LCP) Location representation (geo, civic: cell-id for cellular) Mapping database discovery Location to Service Translation (LoST) Location conveyance

16. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 16 Issues to be solved for IEEE 802.11 ES identification Location information –Some procedure to fetch the location information by higher layers when initializing the call may be required. –Mobile terminal –Network edge device (e.g. Access Point, Base Station) –Possible interaction with LLDP-MED Unauthenticated Network Access (e.g. IEEE 802.11) Admission Control –QoS – dedicated bandwidth –preemption

17. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 17 IEEE 802.11 Emergency Call Setup

18. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 18 Location Location information is being developed by IEEE 802.11k (Geospatial) and IEEE 802.11v (Geospatial & Civic) Request/Response paradigm –Client may request from the access point it’s own location the location of the access point GeoPriv used to wrap location information –Location standard formats supported include GEO and CIVIC Control and Measurement mechanisms to enable tracking continuously Correct use of RFC 3825 & RFC 4119 ??

19. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 19 Unauthenticated Network Access Public user credentials. In this situation, a client uses the defined network selection method to query candidate networks to determine which one (or several) supports VoIP, end-to-end QoS and emergency services. Once this has been determined, the client associates to the SSID corresponding to the chosen network using public user credentials. It may be necessary to define a default EAP method (e.g. EAP-e911) Use an SSID configured for Open Authentication, that is only suitable for obtaining emergency service (i.e., and not suited for obtaining other hotspot services such as internet access). Network elements necessary to complete an emergency call are reachable via this SSID.

20. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 20 Admission Control A QoS enabled client requests bandwidth using a TSPEC Request in an action frame. Currently a TSPEC Request includes parameters describing the characteristics of the traffic stream, but no information on the actual use of the traffic stream. To indicate emergency call initiation, it is proposed that a new “Expedited Bandwidth Request” element is used. It is the responsibility of the client to transmit this element.

21. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 21 Use Case using an IEEE 802.21 Information Server (IS)

22. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 22 AP (11u-capable) STA (11u-capable) Carrier Network VLAN #5 Note: There does NOT need to be a 1-to-1 mapping between this and SSID #5. Architecture IEEE 802.21 Information Server AAA DHCP SSID #5

23. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 23 IEEE 802.21 Information Server (IS) Networks may support means to determine, help in determining or provide the location to the clients at various layers –Link layer specific ones: LLDP[-MED], U-TDoA, D-TDoA –Link layer agnostic ones: DHCP, OMA SUPL, RELO, HELD (HTTP based) –Other SDOs defined different LCPs Service providers need flexibility on how location services are offered in their network IEEE 802.21 provides a logical place to support a comprehensive list of all support options using IS

24. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 24 Emergency Call with 802.21 IS

25. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 25 Vehicular Communications

26. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 26 Vehicular Communications Emergency communications is a major focus of ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) activity, and it was a significant topic at the March 2005 ITU Workshop. Project MESA is also helping to call attention to this area and providing high-level direction. Two distinct areas for wireless communications: –MBW: New work item in ISO/TC204/WG16: “Specific Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Communications Systems”, e.g. IEEE 806.16e, IEEE 802.20 –DSRC : IEEE 1609 continues work on application layer standards for IEEE 802.11p

27. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 27 Vehicular Communications DSRC/WAVE. Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) at 5.9 GHz using an IEEE 802.11p base is now called WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments). The U.S. FCC has allocated 75 MHz of bandwidth for ITS applications in this band, with emphasis on public safety and, in the U.S., WAVE may become a U.S. federally funded vehicle- data network separate from the cellular network.

28. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 28 Vehicular Communications Mobile wireless broadband (MWB) represents an important part of a public sector (particularly public safety) solution. MWB can provide a consistent and robust capacity that can serve routine operations, but provide priority for emergencies. MWB is useful for commercial applications of ITS as well as to support public agency and public safety applications, due to its ability to function well over large distances and at high travel speeds. It is vitally important for commercial and public uses of MWB to remain consistent with one another, including the ability to prioritise messages, especially in case of emergencies.

29. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 29 Concluding Issues

30. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 30 Concluding Issues I Don’t assume that IEEE 802.11 technologies can already support all ES requirements: –call back facilities ? –terminal location ? geospatial or civic? –does Civic location, make sense, for large scale systems? IEEE 802.11 needs to conform to both the IETF/NENA and the 3GPP IMS architectures to satisfy all potential interworking scenarios.

31. doc.: IEEE 802.11-07/0505r3 Tutorial April 2007 S. McCann et alSlide 31 Concluding Issues II How far do we want to pre-empt upcoming regulations? –2 years? –10 years? What does the market require from WLAN technology? –Will WLAN (and hence other IEEE 802 technologies) be exempt from emergency service regulation? –Similar issues to Legal Intercept? Does IEEE 802.11 want closer liaisons with other SDOs Comments welcome