2. Properties of Water Where there is ________, there is __________!

3. Properties of Water Where there is life, there is Water!

4. I. Chemical Formula Chemical Formula for water: (_____) Organisms are _____% - _____% Water

5. I. Chemical Formula Chemical Formula for water: (H 2 O) Organisms are _____% - _____% Water

6. I. Chemical Formula Chemical Formula for water: (H 2 O) Organisms are 50% - 90% Water The 6 most common atoms found in living things (makes up about 99% of our body) are:

7. I. Chemical Formula Chemical Formula for water: (H 2 O) Organisms are 50% - 90% Water The 6 most common atoms found in living things (makes up about 99% of our body) are: Acronym: SPONCH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

8. I. Chemical Formula Chemical Formula for water: (H 2 O) Organisms are 50% - 90% Water The 6 most common atoms found in living things (makes up about 99% of our body) are: Acronym: SPONCH 1. Sulfur (S) 2. Phosphorus (P) 3. Oxygen (O) 4. Nitrogen (N) 5. Carbon (C) 6. Hydrogen (H)

11. II. Molecular Structure O- H+ Water is a ___________ molecule (Has a ____________ at each end). The specific molecular structure of water leads to the different properties that we will talk about.

12. II. Molecular Structure O- H+ Water is a polar molecule (Has a charge at each end). The specific molecular structure of water leads to the different properties that we will talk about. Note: Water is bent because oxygen has a higher electronegativity, therefore there is an unequal sharing of electrons in oxygen’s favor.

13. III. Properties of Water 1.Water is an excellent solvent. Why? Water is charged at both ends and can therefore, bond to any charged molecule.

14. III. Properties of Water 1.Water is an excellent solvent. Why? Water is charged at both ends and can therefore, bond to any charged molecule.H+ H+ O- Salt: NaCl (sodium chloride) When salt dissolves in water: ___ separates from ___ Where would sodium and chlorine bond to water?

15. III. Properties of Water 1.Water is an excellent solvent. Why? Water is charged at both ends and can therefore, bond to any charged molecule.H+ H+ O- Salt: NaCl (sodium chloride) When salt dissolves in water: Na+ separates from Cl- Where would salt bond to water?

16. H+ H+---Cl- Na+---O- Why is it biologically critical that water be an excellent solvent? 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ This diagram shows salt dissolving in water.

17. H+ H+---Cl- Na+---O- Why is it biologically critical that water be an excellent solvent? Bloodstream (our blood is made of 50% water that dissolves/circulates nutrients) Waste excreted from our body is carried via water. Minerals/Nutrients absorbed by plants via water. This diagram shows salt dissolving in water.

18. Detergents Detergents are special molecules because they are __________ (charged) on one end and __________ (uncharged) on the other end.

19. Detergents Detergents are special molecules because they are polar (charged) on one end and nonpolar (uncharged) on the other end.

20. Detergents Detergents are special molecules because they are __polar_____ (charged) on one end and __nonpolar___ (uncharged) on the other end. (-) (No charge) Example: Phosopholipid Sticks to ___________ molecules Sticks to _________ molecules

21. Detergents Detergents are special molecules because they are polar (charged) on one end and nonpolar (uncharged) on the other end. (-) (No charge) Example: Phospholipid Sticks to polar molecules Sticks to nonpolar molecules.

22. Why do we use detergents to wash clothes/dishes?

23. Soap (detergent) Polar end ---- Sticks to _____ (goes down drain) Nonpolar end ---- Sticks to _________ (Grease is pulled along with water) **Vanderwaal’s forces: weak attraction between nonpolar molecules

24. Soap (detergent) Polar end ---- Sticks to H 2 O (goes down drain) Nonpolar end ---- Sticks to grease/oil (Grease is pulled along with water) **Vanderwaal’s forces: weak attraction between nonpolar molecules

25. Detergents are Said to Be: Hydrophobic: (Water-______) does not bond to water – has no charge). AND Hydrophilic: (Water-_______) Has an affinity to water – is charged.

26. Detergents are Said to Be: Hydrophobic: (Water-fearing) does not bond to water – has no charge). AND Hydrophilic: (Water-loving) Has an affinity to water – is charged.

27. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 2. Water has adhesive and cohesive properties. Water sticks to _________. (Cohesion) Water sticks to _________ molecules. (Adhesion)

28. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 2. Water has adhesive and cohesive properties. Water sticks to water. (Cohesion) Water sticks to charged molecules. (Adhesion) Water sticks to charged xylem tissue in plants. Water sticks to water Biological significance: Water can travel up trees from roots to leaves!

29. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 3. Water has Surface Tension: Water forms a ________ at the surface.

30. . Water has Surface Tension: Water forms a blanket at the surface. Why?

31. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 3. Water has Surface Tension: Water forms a blanket at the surface. Water has the ability to stick to a second water molecule. Called ___________. Water has a greater attraction to other water molecules than to the molecules in the air.

32. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 3. Water has Surface Tension: Water forms a blanket at the surface. Water has the ability to stick to a second water molecule. Called cohesion. Water has a greater attraction to other water molecules than to the molecules in the air.

33. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 3. Water has Surface Tension: Water forms a blanket at the surface. Water has the ability to stick to a second water molecule. Called cohesion. Water has a greater attraction to other water molecules than to the molecules in the air. Water sticks to another water molecule when a _____charged hydrogen forms a _________ bond with a _____charged oxygen. This type of bond is fairly weak.

34. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 3. Water has Surface Tension: Water forms a blanket at the surface. Water has the ability to stick to a second water molecule. Called cohesion. Water has a greater attraction to other water molecules than to the molecules in the air. Water sticks to another water molecule when a + charged hydrogen forms a hydrogen bond with a - charged oxygen. This type of bond is fairly weak.

35. The Three States of Water H+H+---O- -O--- H+ H+

36. The Three States of Water H+H+---O- -O--- H+ H+ ICE LiQUID VAPOR

37. Biological significance of water having surface tension: This is a waterstrider that literally “walks on water” Detergents disrupt surface tension! Why???? Dive Belly flop VS Ouch!

38. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 4. Water has a high heat capacity Holds on to heat well. Resists temperature change. Why? A lot of energy must be taken out to _______water or a lot of energy must be put in to _______water.

39. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 4. Water has a high heat capacity Holds on to heat well. Resists temperature change. Why? A lot of energy must be taken out to cool water or a lot of energy must be put in to warm water. Biological significance: Oceans maintain __________ throughout year.

40. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 4. Water has a high heat capacity Holds on to heat well. Resists temperature change. Why? A lot of energy must be taken out to cool water or a lot of energy must be put in to warm water. Biological significance: Oceans maintain steady temps throughout year.

41. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 4. Water has a high heat capacity Holds on to heat well. Resists temperature change. Why? A lot of energy must be taken out to cool water or a lot of energy must be put in to warm water. Biological significance: Oceans maintain steady _temps throughout year. Most ocean life cannot regulate. Sweating (evaporation) creates a effect!

42. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 4. Water has a high heat capacity Holds on to heat well. Resists temperature change. Why? A lot of energy must be taken out to cool water or a lot of energy must be put in to warm water. Biological significance: Oceans maintain steady temps throughout year. Most ocean life cannot regulate body temp. Sweating (evaporation) creates a cooling effect!

43. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 5. Ice Floats – Water reaches maximum _________at 4°C Colder water is more dense (_________) than warmer water until 4°C. Because of the structure of ice, water molecules begin to spread out again and ice floats.

44. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 5. Ice Floats – Water reaches maximum density at 4°C Colder water is more dense (_________) than warmer water until 4°C. Because of the structure of ice, water molecules begin to spread out again and ice floats.

45. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 5. Ice Floats – Water reaches maximum density at 4°C Colder water is more dense (heavier) than warmer water until 4°C. Because of the structure of ice, water molecules begin to spread out again and ice floats.

46. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 5. Ice Floats – Water reaches maximum density at 4°C Colder water is more dense (heavier) than warmer water until 4°C. Because of the structure of ice, water molecules begin to spread out again and ice floats. Lake in fall Lake in spring (Temp. range: 4°- 8°) (Temp. range: 0°- 4°) ICE ___°C

47. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 5. Ice Floats – Water reaches maximum density at 4°C Colder water is more dense (heavier) than warmer water until 4°C. Because of the structure of ice, water molecules begin to spread out again and ice floats. Lake in fall Lake in spring (Temp. range: 4°- 8°) (Temp. range: 0°- 4°) ICE ___°C

48. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 5. Ice Floats – Water reaches maximum density at 4°C Colder water is more dense (heavier) than warmer water until 4°C. Because of the structure of ice, water molecules begin to spread out again and ice floats. Lake in fall Lake in spring (Temp. range: 4°C- 8°C) (Temp. range: 0°C- 4°C) ICE 8 °C 7 °C 6 °C 5 °C 4 °C 0 °C 1 °C 2 °C 3 °C 4 °C

49. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 5. Ice Floats – Water reaches maximum density at 4°C Colder water is more dense (heavier) than warmer water until 4°C. Because of the structure of ice, water molecules begin to spread out again and ice floats. Lake in fall Lake in spring (Temp. range: 4°- 8°) (Temp. range: 0°- 4°) ICE 8 °C 7 °C 6 °C 5 °C 4 °C 0 °C 1 °C 2 °C 3 °C 4 °C Biological Significance: Wildlife can survive winter!! Ice acts as an___________. Not likely that bottom of lake will drop below ___.

50. III. Properties of Water (Cont.) 5. Ice Floats – Water reaches maximum density at 4°C Colder water is more dense (heavier) than warmer water until 4°C. Because of the structure of ice, water molecules begin to spread out again and ice floats. Lake in fall Lake in spring (Temp. range: 4°- 8°) (Temp. range: 0°- 4°) ICE 8 °C 7 °C 6 °C 5 °C 4 °C 0 °C 1 °C 2 °C 3 °C 4 °C Biological Significance: Wildlife can survive winter!! Ice acts as an insulator. Not likely that bottom of lake will drop below __4°C__

51. Biological Significance (Cont.): With the changing of the seasons, this property of Water leads to a thermal overturn: Melting of Ice: Winter to Spring Ice 0° C ___

52. Biological Significance: With the changing of the seasons, this property of Water leads to a thermal overturn: Melting of Ice: Winter to Spring 0°C 2°C 4°C (Max Density)

53. Biological Significance: With the changing of the seasons, this property of Water leads to a thermal overturn: Melting of Ice: 0°C 6°C 2°C 4°C

54. Biological Significance: With the changing of the seasons, this property of Water leads to a thermal overturn: Melting of Ice: 0°C 6°C 2°C 4°C Nutrients (phosphates and nitrates) are circulated throughout the lake for living things. Phosphates & Nitrates available to algae toward top of lake