1. Institute of High Energy Physics Five Top Priorities III. Particle Detection and Electronics ZHU Kejun Experimental Physics Center

2. Mission Provide technical base and support for the research and development of particle physics, nuclear physics, particle astronomy, nuclear technology application and other related fields, and play an important role in promotion and application of the technology in all related fields

3. Goals  In the field of Particle Detection and Electronics, to be the top research center the high level professional training base the first-class domestic and international cooperation and academic exchange base  Form a complete professional and multidisciplinary team, become the domestic core and an internationally recognized research center in this field

4. Focused research areas  Experimental methods and detectors – Gaseous detectors – Solid scintillation detectors – Semiconductor detectors – Low BKG & neutrino detectors  Front-end electronics  High speed data acquisition and processing

5. Gaseous detectors  Achievement : MDC for BESIII, RPC for BESIII and Daya Bay, CSC for CMS, MDT for ATLAS, …  Future demand: upgrade of BESIII, CSNS, synchrotron radiation, ILC, …  Current research:  New inner drift chamber for BESIII  MRPC for BESIII End-cap TOF upgrade  2D MWPC neutron detector  R & D of GEM detector  THGEM development & applications  …

6. BESIII upgrade Inner drift chamber MRPC for ETOF New feature: shorter wire length to reduce BKG while keeping the same overall performance. Best timing resolution in the world

7. 2D MWPC Neutron Detector for CSNS --- Multi-purpose Reflectrometer Active area20cm×20cm Pixel size2mm*2mm Channels200 ( X: 100, Y: 100 )

8. THGEM Development and applications  2D X-ray and electron imaging  TPC tracker readout  Digital hadron calorimeter  Neutron detector  CsI-based Gaseous PMT (GPM)  …  Totally homemade  Low cost  New treatment technologies for high performance  High gain, long stability  Good spatial and energy resolution Excellent gain features Typical samples

9. Academic leaders Chen Yuanbo Led BESIII drift chamber Particle physics experiment Detector physics and its application Heng Yuekun Led BESIII TOF & Daya Bay AD Particle physics experiment Detector physics and its application Lv Junguang Led BESIII CsI calorimeter Particle physics experiment Detector physics and its application Zhang Jiawen Led BESIII RPC & Daya Bay RPC Particle physics experiment Detector physics and its application

10. Solid scintillation detectors  Achievement: CsI(Tl) for BESIII EMC, plastic scintillator for BESIII TOF, …  Future demand: CSNS, CINDMS, HERD, …  Current research:  CsI(Na) Dark Matter Searches  R&D of calorimeter cell for HERD  Position sensitive scintillator detector  Shifting scintillator neutron detectors  New scintillator with 6 Li for neutron detecting  。。。

11. CsI(Na) for Dark Matter Searches A new way to reject  backgrounds from n-like signal Waveforms of CsI(Na) for different particles First stage: CINDMS50 One module 50 kg To be tested at Daya Bay Next stage: CINDMS1T Can reject internal  BKG by a factor up to 10 6 Even Better at low temperature

12. The High Energy cosmic Radiation Detection (HERD) facility onboard China’s Space Station A new idea of 3D calorimeter for e/  and nuclei  extremely high acceptance & extremely simple readout scheme Calorimeter cell: cubic LYSO and WLS fiber Sun, X. L. and et al. (2011). "A Digital Calorimeter for Dark Matter Search in Space.“, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 293(1): 012038. 12/45

13. Position sensitive Scintillator detector for Neutron Simple and cheap solution for CSNS Principle: – Fluorescence disperse – Center of gravity method Result reached: 0.7mm Effi.: 90% Neutron Scin. Screen MAPMT σ x =0.70mmσ y =0.72mm

14. Academic leaders Heng Yuekun Led BESIII TOF & Daya Bay AD Particle physics experiment Detector physics and its application Lv Junguang Led BESIII CsI calorimeter Particle physics experiment Detector physics and its application Zhou Li Led Daya Bay LS Particle physics experiment Detector physics and its application

15. Semiconductor detectors  A new area for us with a large demand:  Synchrotron radiation imaging  Astrophysics experiment  High energy physics experiment  Current research:  LHC upgrade  R&D of CPS for new inner tracker  SOI pixels for X-ray imaging  X-ray imaging pixel detector

16. SOI ( Silicon On Insulator) pixels for X-ray imaging collaboration with KEK Japan Goal: Development of counting type SOI chips Frame readout rate: ≥1 KHz Integrated type sensor in 2011 1 st design of counting type sensor in 2012 Problems to be solved: – Radiation hardness – Cross talk between circuit and sensor

17. X-ray imaging pixel detector To be used at Shanghai Light Source & BAPS ASIC 0.13 μm GF process 104  72 pixels Hybrid pixels with flip-chip bonding between Sensor and ASIC Detector requirements ： Active area: 80x80mm 2 Pixel size ： 150x150μm 2 Frame rates: 1KHz Dynamic range: 20bits Energy range: 8-20keV Detector 3  2 sensor module

18. Academic leaders Lou Xinchou Particle physics experiment Silicon pixel detector Ouyang Qun Led ATLAS group at IHEP Particle physics experiment Detector physics

19. Low BKG & neutrino detectors Achievement: Daya Bay Future demand: JUNO, dark matter &  decay searches, … Current research: – High-purity germanium detector – Liquid scintillation detector – PMT

20. HPGe Detector: Canberra GC12021 Relative Efficiency: 120% Resolution: 2.1KeV FWHM@1.33MeV Peak/Compton: 80:1 Peak/Compton(with Anti-Compton): 1000:1 Integral Background counting-rate (50KeV~2.5MeV) ： 0.01 CPS/100cm 3 Ge Detection Limit(U/Th): ≤0.01Bq/kg 5cm Plastic Scintillator (Cosmic Ray VETO) 10cm Pb 15cm Oxygen-Free Cu 5.5cm BGO (Anti-Compton) Hamamastu 2inch Low background PMT Low-Background Anti-Compton Gamma Spectrometer PMT Support (10cm Oxygen-Free Cu )

21. Liquid Scintillator for JUNO  Longer attenuation length: 20m  30m  Improve raw materials (using Dodecane instead of MO for LAB production ）  Improve the production process  Purification  Higher light yield  Lower temperature  fluor concentration optimization Linear Alky Benzene Atte. Length @ 430 nm RAW14.2 m Vacuum distillation19.5 m SiO 2 coloum18.6 m Al 2 O 3 coloum22.3 m KamLAND

22. High QE MCP-PMT  Design principle verified  Technical feasibility proved  Many prototypes  Integration underway Transmitted photocathode Sum Gain=6.25*10E6 @ P/V=1.47 Reflective photocathode Single P.E.

23. Academic leaders Hu Tao Led low BKG effort Particle physics experiment Detector physics Liu Shulin Expert on PMT Detector physics and its application Zhou Li Led Daya Bay LS Particle physics experiment Detector physics and its application Wang Yifang Led BESIII & Daya Bay Particle physics experiment Detector physics and its application

24. Front-end electronics  Achievement: most electronics for BESIII and Daya Bay  All future projects need front-end electronics  Current research:  ASIC: multi-channel ADC, waveform digitization, high performance TDC  BPM Electronics for RCS  Electronics for inner DC & ETOF of BESIII  Electronics for CSNS Spectrometer  Electronics for JUNO  Electronics for LHAASO KM2A

25. BPM Electronics for CSNS Detector distributed around the RCS circle to get the proton beam position in the RCS High dynamic range: ~73dB Two work mode – Turn by turn mode – Closed orbit mode 136 channels in total

26. ASIC  Current:  Read out chip for MPGD: GEM 、 MicroMegas  Read out chip for PMT: PMT 、 PET  Read out chip for semiconductor detector: silicon pixel, SOI  Some technology study: ADC/DAC 、 sampling 、 serial transfer  next  High speed sampling  Low noise preamp  Low voltage, low power consumption front end circuit  Radiation hard circuit

27. For Silicon Pixel Detectors Analog ： Charge amp Shaper/amp discriminator Local thres. tuning Calibration block Digital ： Counting chain Shift out chain Pixel mask Bus driver Row/Col Sel. Pixel Cell 100μm×100μm Measurement result of a 4*4 pixel array: S-curve distribution, before and after threshold calibration

28. Academic leaders Jiang Xiaoshan Built BESIII MDC electronics Electronics Wang Zhen Built BESIII EMC electronics Electronics

29. High speed DAQ & processing  Achievement: BESIII trigger and DAQ system, Dayabay DAQ system, …  Current research:  Widely use of FADC in the experiment, put forward higher request to the DAQ system and data processing ability  Study on the real time processing, data compression and transmission with FPGA  High speed point-to-point data transmission − BESIII LUM ， DEPFET/PXD ， PANDA  Research on improving the system scale and parallelism − Data flow of LHAASO DAQ

30. xTCA Application in DEPFET/PXD PXD/DAQ design in DEPFET Colaboration aimed for Belle II at KEK ATCA/ONSEN and DatCon both consist of Computer Node compliant to xTCA specification in both MTCA and ATCA shelves.

31. ATCA application in TDAQ for PANDA High Performance Compute Node – 5x(Virtex-4 FPGA +2GB DDR2) ~53Gbps Bandwith – 5x Gigabit Ethernet – 8x Optical Link (6Gbps/ch) – 13x RocketIO to backplane 2 Embedded PowerPC each FPGA – Real time Linux ATCA compliant

32. High Speed data readout and transmission via RocketIO and Optical Fiber BESIII: 1.75Gbps year 2004 PANDA: 3.125Gbps in year 2008 Belle II/Belle2link: 2.5Gbps/3.125 in year 2009 PXD/DEPFET: 6.4Gbps in 2012 TriggerUpgrade/CMS: aimed for 10Gbps

33. Academic leaders Li Xiaonan Led BESIII & Daya Bay slow control Detector control Liu Zhen’an Led BESIII trigger Trigger Zhu Kejun Led BESIII DAQ DAQ

34. Papers and patents 20062007200820092010201120122013 422928242128459 Patent namePatent No.Granted dateKey membersPatent type A photomultiplier tubeZL 200910147915.42012.06.27 Wang Yifang, Qian Shen, Zhao Tianchi, Cao Jun Invention A VME crate controller based on Loongson2F CPU ZL 201220370283.52012.11.20 Zhuang Jian, Zhu Kejun, Chu Yuanping, Jin Dapeng, Hu Lei, Gu Minhao Utility models A device to fix optical fiberZL 201220256303.62012.12.12 Ma Xiaoyan, Sun Zhijia, Tang Bin, Chen Yuanbo Utility models A photomultiplier tubePCT8,324,8072012.12.04 Wang Yifang, Qian Shen, Zhao Tianchi, Cao Jun USA A single gadolinium doped resistive plate detector and method of neutron detection ZL 200910169723.32013.01.23 Qian Shen, Wang Yifang, Zhang Jiawen Invention

35. Manpower  18 graduates ( 6 doctors, 12 masters ) in 2011  27 graduates ( 13 doctors, 14 masters ) in 2012  21 graduates ( 17 doctors, 4 masters ) in 2013  31 FTE staff members, 3.4 FTE researchers, 10.9 FTE associate researchers

36. Future plans  Maintain, operate and upgrade the constructed facilities, BESIII and Daya Bay, to take the high quality data for physicists  Construct approved facility, spectrometers for CSNS & JUNO  R&D for future facilities, LHAASO & BAPS …  R&D for advanced technologies of particle detectors and electronics, as a technical storage for future facilities

37. Funding  Current R&D funding from NSFC, MOST, CAS: 69M, to apply 75M in next 5 years  Funding for construction of facility  Funding of ~6M/year from “State key laboratory for particle detection and electronics” by MOST (since 2011) – Such a lab is evolved from a joint lab with USTC in 2005

38. Summary  Have an excellent team to design and construct detectors & electronics for scientific facilities – Constructed BESIII & Daya Bay to meet the physics requirement and to obtain world level physics results – Construct CSNS & LHAASO & JUNO in next 5 years  Significant progress in R&D: – Innovative ideas: CsI(Na) for Dark Matter Search, 3D crystal calorimeter, High QE MCP-PMT, … – Follow the frontiers: Silicon Pixel Detectors, ASICs, xTCA/ATCA applications in HEP experiments, … – Technically challenging: highly transparent liquid scintillator ， …

39. Thanks