1. 2) Downfall of the Romanovs, 1906 -1917 B-AC-B Can you think of 3 exam questions which could be asked about this strand? List 5 factors which contribute to the downfall of the Romanovs – look at the time constraint

2. Downfall of the Romanovs, 1906 -1917 Repression and reform after the 1905 Revolution: Stolypin-neckties and rural reform The four Dumas: were they fig leaves to cover continuing autocracy or real steps to parliamentary government? The impact of the First World War The February Revolution Essay Questions: How far was Tsarist autocracy modified in the years 1906-14? How far was it the First World War that was essentially responsible for the downfall of the Romanovs in 1917?

3. OctobristsBolsheviksMensheviks KadetsProvisional GovernmentDuma Fundamental LawRedemption PaymentsPeter Stolypin RasputinTsarina AlexandraZemgor

4. Sort the cards into headings Can you choose your own? Downfall of the Romanovs, 1906 -1917

5. Mrs Buxton’s chart on the downfall of the Romanovs is rubbish! Read through the events in each year and mark them on the timeline to show: A)When they happened B)Whether they show the inevitability of Revolution B-AC-B Pick the two moments you think were turning points in the lead up to revolution Explain why they were turning points. Describe how the Romanov’s hold on power changed over time. What clues are there as to why the Romanov dynasty ended?

6. Romanovs in power Romanovs not in power

7. Downfall of the Romanovs, 1906 -1917 Now order them into: 1)Impact of War 2)Inefficiency of the Dumas 3)Economic and social problems 4)The leadership of the Tsar Are there any cards which could have gone into more than one category?

8. How far was it the First World War that was essentially responsible for the downfall of the Romanovs in 1917 What do I do? 1) Decide on three key factors – big causes 2) Write a brief intro: Respond to the question – do you agree with the statement What are the key factors? 3) Explain whether the factor in the question is important (Paragraph 1) 4) Explain what other factors are important (Paragraph 2 and 3) 5) Conclude (overall do you agree? What was the main factor?)

9. Exam Answers Now look at the exam answers Give each a mark and a target to improve

10. Jan 1917 – The anniversary of Bloody Sunday was commemorated by very large demonstrations in the city 22 nd Feb 1917 – 20 000 workers from the Putilov engineering works went on strike and demonstrated in the city. Stolypin introduced a new court system where offenders were rapidly tried and sentenced. Thousands of rebels were executed or exiled to hard labour By 1916 peasants realised that because of inflation – wages could not keep up with rapidly rising prices. The Russian economy had grown massively since the 1890s however in 1914 it was ranked 5 th out of the five great powers. G.B and Ger. produced more Initial enthusiasm for the war was shattered by two early defeats at Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes 1914. 2 nd March 1917 - Nicholas II abdicated and asked his brother Grand Duke Michael to become Tsar, he refused and the Romanov rule ended. Stolypin proposed land reforms. Peasants were given the right to own land, they were educated in new farming methods and vast areas of royal land were made available 27 th Feb 1917 - The strikes and demonstrations turned into a revolution. The Tsar ordered the Petrograd troops to supress unrest. There was widespread mutiny among the troops. Nicholas ordered the Duma be shut down – they refused and set up the Provisional Committee. In 1913 the Tsar celebrated 300 years of Romanov rule. Nicholas and his family felt confident enough to parade through the streets of St. Petersburg without fear which shows there wasn’t a strong opposition to them. This event was celebrated widely by the public which shows that the Tsars reputation had improved since the 1905 revolution. By 1914 the Duma had become an accepted part of national political life, which shows the old system of autocracy was changing. The Duma had a lot of potential to develop into a powerful force. The Duma was introduced to pacify opposition. There were four in all – some were more successful than others. Nicholas appeared to change his attitude towards them. In 1906 he spat on the idea of a constitution, 6 years later he wrote ‘the Duma is slower, but better, and lasting.’ By Jan 1917 over a million Russian troops were dead and four million had been wounded From Oc 1905 stabilty had largely been restored. In March 1906 Nicholas issued the Fundamental law which broke promised of the Oct manifesto and reasserted his authority. 28 th Feb 1917 – A group of left-wing parties set up the Petrograd Soviet which would look after soldiers and workers In 1914 Nicholas was strongly influenced by his wife Alexandra and Rasputin. This had disastrous consequences for the Tsar’s reputation over the next three years. By Jan 1917 workers in the cities were suffering – many were on the verge of starvation Jan 1917 – Rodzianko, President of the Duma, warned the Tsar that Russia was nearing a crisis point. Nicholas ignored the warning. 23 rd Feb 1917 – International Women’s day was marked with demonstrations and meetings demanding bread and fuel In 1915 Zemgor was formed to help the war effort. It provided supplies for hospitals and helped organise industries. Nicholas was suspicious and ignored them. 25 th February 1917 – Petrograd was paralysed by a General Strike - industry shut down Sep 1915 Nicholas appointed himself Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. He was away from Petrograd for large periods of time. Alexandra constantly changed ministers causing instability in the government. Because she was German she was accused of selling secrets to the enemy. Jan 1917 the Okrhana warned the government about unrest and indicated that a revolution could happen at any moment.

11. What am I? I am a political party Led by Alexander Guchkov, We had the most seats in the third Duma We initially supported Peter Stolypin and his government but became increasingly disillusioned by his reactionary policies. During WW1 we were critical on how the country was run In 1915 we joined the Constitutional Democrat Party to advocate a comprehensive programme of reforms. We were formed to help the government implement the October Manifesto What am I with the initial O? Answer - Octobrists What am I? I am a political party We were a were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) We were the majority faction in a crucial vote by 1905 we were a mass organization consisting primarily of workers under a democratic internal hierarchy governed by the principle of democratic centralism, who considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary working class of Russia. We were founded by Vladimir Lenin What am I with the initial B? Answer - Bolsheviks What am I? I am a political party We played a leading role in the 1905 revolution We were a were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) We were the minority faction in a crucial vote Our leader was Martov, he disagreed believing it was better to have a large party of activists. Our newspaper was called Iskra – spark Trotsky was my most famous member but he soon defected to another political party. Most of us condemned Russia's involvement in the First World War but a small minority supported Nicholas II and his government. What am I with the initial M? Answer Menshevik What am I? I am a political party We were founded by Paul Milyukov, the famous Russian historian after his release from prison in 1905. Our members were liberals and favoured political reform. Initially critical of the Duma we eventually stood for election In 1914 we supported WW1 then began to criticise In one speech in the Duma, Paul Milyukov listed the failings of the government and asked if the explanation was stupidity or treason. We strongly opposed the Bolsheviks and were banned in 1918. What am I with the initial C? Answer - Cadets What am I? I am group of politicians I was formed by Prince Lvov The Petrograd Soviet recognised my authority in return for 8 measures. We were unwilling to end the First World War We were in danger by July 1917 and needed to reply on Bolsheviks to ensure our survival Kerensky became our leader The Bolsheviks eventually seized power from us. Who are we with the initials PG? Answer Provisional Government What am I? I am a group of politicians I was formed after the Tsar was forced to make concessions following the 1905 revolution Sergi Witte the chief minister helped the Tsar write the October Manifesto and then I was granted The Tsar also had the power to appoint and dismiss ministers. Stolypin used great powers to restrict voting rights and control my members There were four our sessions in total because the Tsar could dismiss us What am I with the initial D? Answer Duma

12. What am I? I was issued by the Tsar I set out that a council of state would be set up I insisted the Tsar could rule by decree I insisted the Tsar had supreme autocratic power I suggested that laws proposed by the government had to be approved by the council of state I said government ministers should be appointed by the Tsar and would answer to him not the Duma Answer – Fundamental Law What am I? I am a form of taxation The Crimean War made Alexander II realize that Russia was no longer a great military power. His advisers argued that Russia's serf-based economy could no longer compete with industrialized nations such as Britain and France. In 1861 Alexander emancipated the serfs Alexander announced that personal serfdom would be abolished and all peasants would be able to buy land from their landlords. The State would advance the money to the landlords and would recover it from the peasants in 49 annual sums these were known as… Answer redemption payments. Who am I? I was born in 1862 I was the son of a Russian landowner Nicholas appointed me Prime Minister in 1906 I attempted to provide balance between land reform and suppression of radicals I created Kulaks and Zamstvo Over 3,000 suspects were convicted and executed by a new court system I created between 1906-09. As a result of this action the hangman's noose in Russia became known as my "necktie". In 1907 I introduced new laws to ensure more right wing members in the Duma I was assassinated at the opera in 1911 Answer Peter Stolypin Who am I? I am an influential and powerful person I am a mystic and religious I was accused of scandal and affairs I could work miracles and heal The aristocracy felt threatened by me I was murdered by them in 1916 but the damage was already done. Answer - Rasputin Who am I? I was born in 1872 I was a was a strong believer in the autocratic power of Tsardom I took responsibility for domestic policy in Sept 1915 Over the next few months I dismissed ministers and their deputies in rapid succession. Rumours circulated the court about me I am the grand daughter of Queen Victoria I am German I was executed with my family 16 th July 1918 by the Bolsheviks Answer – Tsarina Alexandra What am I? I am also known as the United Committee of the Union of Zemstvos and the Union of Towns I am a Russian organization created in 1915 to help the government in their World War I effort. I was led by Prince Lvov I provided supplies for hospitals and helped organise smaller industries in towns and villages Nicholas was suspicious of us and refused to work with us Who am I with the initial Z? Answer - Zemgor