1. Section 4. Sensor Web Enablement OGC and Geosciences Tutorial at IGARSS 2010 George Percivall OGC Chief Architect 25 July 2010 Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

2. Making Location Count… IGARSS 2010 Tutorial Use of OGC Standards in the Geosciences 1. Why open standards matter (08:30 am) e1. KML exercise 2. Standards for geoscience information e2. CSML feature exercise 3. OGC Web Service standards Break (10:15 to 10:30 am) 4. Sensor Web Enablement standards e3/4. OWS operation exercise 5. Geoweb – a global community e5. OWS client exercise 6. Applying this on your system (adjourn 12:30 pm) Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

3. Making Location Count… By 2010, there will be 10,000 telemetric devices for every human in the planet (prediction by Ernest and Young, 2004).

4. Making Location Count… Sensor Web Concepts SWE Service Standards SWE Languages and Encodings SWE Implementations OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 4. Sensor Web Enablement Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

5. Making Location Count… © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.. OGC Sensor Web Enablement SWE is a suite of standards from OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) 3 standard XML encodings (SensorML, O&M, TML) 4 standard web service interfaces (SOS, SAS, SPS, WNS) SWE is a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach SWE is an open, consensus-based set of standards Enables discovery and tasking of sensor assets, and application of sensor observations for enhanced situational awareness, much like HTML, and HTTP enabled WWW

6. Making Location Count… Basic Requirements for Sensor Web Quickly discover sensors and sensor data (secure or public) that can meet my needs – location, observables, quality, ability to task Obtain sensor information in a standard encoding that is understandable by me and my software Readily access sensor observations in a common manner, and in a form specific to my needs Task sensors, when possible, to meet my specific needs Subscribe to and receive alerts when a sensor measures a particular phenomenon © 2009 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

7. Making Location Count… What are the benefits of SWE? Sensor system agnostic –Virtually any sensor or model system can be supported Net-Centric, SOA-based –Distributed architecture allows independent development of services but enables on- the-fly connectivity between resources Semantically tied –Relies on online dictionaries and ontologies for semantics –Key to interoperability Traceability –observation lineage –quality of measurement support Implementation flexibility –wrap existing capabilities and sensors –implement services and processing where it makes sense (e.g. near sensors, closer to user, or in-between) –scalable from single, simple sensor to large sensor collections

8. Making Location Count… Sensor Web Concepts SWE Service Standards SWE Information Models and Schema SWE Implementations OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 4. Sensor Web Enablement Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

9. Making Location Count… Copyright 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) 9 SWE Information Models and Schema Observations and Measurements (O&M) – Core models and schema for observations Sensor Model Language (SensorML) for In-situ and Remote Sensors - Core models and schema for observation processes: support for sensor components, georegistration, response models, post measurement processing And standards from OASIS, IEEE, others

10. Making Location Count… Observations An observation is an event that estimates an observed property of a feature of interest, using a procedure, and generating a result Sometimes ‘observed property’ and ‘feature of interest’ are conflated in describing geophysical parameters, e.g. sea surface temperature Observations are modeled within General Feature Model [ISO 19109] Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

11. Making Location Count… Model of a Sensor System Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Sensor Web Enablement Architecture, OGC document 06-021r4 http://portal.opengeospatial.org/files/?artifact_id=29405 11

12. Making Location Count… Copyright 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.12 What is SensorML? Models and XML encodings for describing processes –Detectors, actuators, etc. are modeled as processes –Can be used to describe “left-side” processes (“how were these observations obtained?”) and “right-side” processes (“what can I derive from these observations?”) Vision: –Discovery of transducers and processes / plug-n-play sensors – SensorML is the means by which sensors and processes make themselves and their capabilities known –Observation lineage – SensorML provides sensing and processing history of observations; supports quality knowledge of observations –On-demand processing – SensorML supports on-demand derivation of higher-level information (e.g. geolocation or products) without a priori knowledge of the sensor system –Extensibility – SensorML provides easy means for meeting various community needs

13. Making Location Count… SensorML Processes Physical ProcessesNon-Physical Processes Atomic Processes Composite Processes Processes that are considered Indivisible either by design or necessity Processes that are composed of other processes connected in some logical manner Processes where physical location or physical interface of the process is not important (e.g. a fast-Fourier process) Processes where physical location or physical interface of the process is important (e.g. a sensor system)

14. Making Location Count… Development and Support for SensorML SensorML Forum – mail list for SensorML discussion (300+ active members from various backgrounds) https://lists.opengeospatial.org/mailman/listinfo/sensorml https://lists.opengeospatial.org/mailman/listinfo/sensorml Open Source SensorML Process Execution Engine – Along with open-source process model library, provides execution environment for SensorML described algorithms Open Source SensorML editor and process chain development client – on- going development of tools to allow human-friendly editors for SensorML descriptions SensorML-enabled decision support client – Open source Space Time Toolkit is SensorML-enabled and will be available to discover, access, task, and process sensor observations; use as is or as template for COTS development SensorML white papers and tutorials – being written and released on an array of SensorML topics

15. Making Location Count… SensorML Examples Video Web Cam - sensor system illustrating the ability to modularize descriptions between various components CEOS CalVAL Satellite Sensors - European Space Agency (ESA) and Committee for Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) SensorML profiles (RelaxNG), instances, and documentation for standard satellite sensor descriptions. Tigershark UAV video camera - fairly complete description of a high- definition video camera on-board an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV). Davis Weather Station - Example description of a weather station. CBRNE Gamma Detector - Simple HPI 2070 Gamma detector. Marine CTP Buoy Sensor - An SBE 37-SMP MicroCAT Conductivity- Temperature-Pressure sensor mounted on a buoy by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). CSM Frame Sensor Model - Community Sensor Model (CSM) based Frame Sensor Model for geolocating imagery from GSI KCM-39 video camera. Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. http://www.ogcnetwork.net/SWE

16. Making Location Count… CEOS SensorML Sensor Descriptions AVNIR-2Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 PRISMPanchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping AATSRAdvanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer MERISMedium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer ATSRAlong-Track Scanning Radiometer LANDSAT-5 Thematic Mapper LANDSAT-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper SPOT-4High Resolution Visible Imaging Instrument Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. http://calvalportal.ceos.org/CalValPortal/showInstrumentsInfo.do

17. Making Location Count… On-demand Geolocation using SensorML AMSR-E SSM/I CloudsatLIS TMI TMI & MODIS footprints MAS Geolocation of satellite and airborne sensors using SensorML

18. Making Location Count… Copyright 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) 18 OGC Sensor Web Enablement Sensor Web Enablement – Harmonization –OASIS Common Alert Protocol (CAP) – being considered as an encoding or portrayal of sensor alerts in SAS –OASIS EDXL – XML “envelope” for alerts –IEEE P1451 – provides “plug-n-play” capabilities for sensors; working toward automatic conversion between 1451 and SensorML/ TML/ O&M –CBRNE and N42.42 – Working on examples supporting these in SensorML

19. Making Location Count… Sensor Web Concepts SWE Service Standards SWE Information Models and Schema SWE Implementations OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 4. Sensor Web Enablement Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

20. Making Location Count… Copyright 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 20 SWE Web Services Sensor Observation Service - Access Observations for a sensor or sensor constellation, and optionally, the associated sensor and platform data Sensor Alert Service – Subscribe to alerts based upon sensor observations Sensor Planning Service – Request collection feasibility and task sensor system for desired observations Web Notification Service –Manage message dialogue between client and Web service(s) for long duration (asynchronous) processes Sensor Registries – Discover sensors and sensor observations

21. Making Location Count… Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Catalog Service SOSSASSPS Clients SWE Web Services Access Sensor Description and Data Command and Task Sensor Systems Dispatch Sensor Alerts to registered Users Discover Services, Sensors, Providers, Data Accessible from various types of clients from PDAs and Cell Phones to high end Workstations 21

22. Making Location Count… Mike Botts SOS GetObservation O&M / SWE Common Client DescribeSensor SensorML GetCapabilities Capabilities.xml Sensor Observation Service

23. Making Location Count… SPS Client GetFeasibility XML Confirmation Submit XML Confirmation GetCapability Capabilities.xml DescribeTasking SWE Common Sensor Planning Service

24. Making Location Count… SWE and Geo-processing Workflow 24 SOS ! SAS Sensor Net SAS Mission Control Center Access & Processing Node WFS WCSCSW WPS CSW Register Measurement Types SPS CSW SOS Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

25. Making Location Count… Sensor Web Concepts SWE Service Standards SWE Information Models and Schema SWE Implementations OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 4. Sensor Web Enablement Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

26. Making Location Count… OGC Ocean Science Interoperability Experiment World initiative to advance standards for advancing interoperability of ocean observing systems.

27. Making Location Count… Oceans IE Phase I Explore Web Feature Service (WFS) and Sensor Observation Service (SOS) Advance SOS in the ocean community Explore implementation about discovery of sensors and observations using semantic web technologies

28. Making Location Count… Oceans IE-1 WFS - SOS Comparisons WFS - getFeature() General Model: Feature has property Communities need to define Feature Profile (a GML schema) Hard to have one client that understands different and new profiles. SOS - getObservation() General Model: O&M Communities need to define semantics. No need to create schema, extension etc. Easy to have one client that could parse SOS services Issue: It is soft typing - need to define semantics

29. Making Location Count… Application: NASA Sensor Web

30. Making Location Count… Application: NASA Sensor Web -2-

31. Making Location Count… SPOT Image SPOT SPS and JPIP server –Purpose of Demo: illustrate dynamic query of SPS; show on-demand geolocation of JPIP stream using SensorML –Client: UAH Space Time Toolkit –Services: SPS – satellite imagery feasibility [archived or future] (SPOT) WCS/JPIP server – streaming J2K image with CSM parameters encoded in SensorML (SPOT) SensorML – On-demand geolocation (UAH) Virtual Earth – base maps

32. Making Location Count… Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2007, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 32 Empire Challenge 2007/2008 ISR Support to C2 and Engagement Operations in a Coalition Environment OV-1 High-Level Operational Concept Graphic 32

33. Making Location Count… Empire Challenge SWE Pilot ‘08 Demonstrate SWE Utility to ISR (Intel, Surveillance, Recon) –Automated Search and Connection; Access what you need –Merge mapping precision / Motion Imagery –Multiple UGS via OGC service interface Participants and Collaborations –NGA, DIA, JFCOM, NASA; –BAH, BIRI, Compusult, ERDAS, Penn State, GSI, ESRI, Lockheed Martin, Object FX, Northrop Grumman, TASC, SAIC Demonstration conducted June 2008 Call for Participation in EC’09 currently open –www.opengeospatial.org/standards/requests/51www.opengeospatial.org/standards/requests/51 Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 33

34. Making Location Count… Empire Challenge: SWE Task, Access, and Fuse Ortho Processor 1Hz with existing down link (goal is 12 Hz min) 1920 x 1080 HD Color Up to 25 Hertz MPEG2 / KLV and NITF Flight Control UAV Footprints End User Analyst Console Mapping and Motion Imagery Merge NAWC, China Lake, CA, from Tigershark platform Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 34

35. Making Location Count… Northrop Grumman PulseNet PulseNet Demonstration –Purpose of Demo: PulseNet was an end- to-end demonstration and test of SWE capabilities for legacy sensor systems –Client: PulseNet client (NGC) –Services: SOS – weather stations SOS – MASINT sensors (seismic, magnetic, radiation, etc) SOS – web cam SPS – web cam SensorML – sensor descriptions

36. Air quality monitoring pilot Emission/imission modeling in Moulin, Fr (simple site) and Linz (complex site; more data sources) Cross border integration on French/Belgium border in Flanders SANY/SWE compliant systems Managing QA information within SOS Fusion & modelling services

37. Making Location Count… SWE 2.0 Under Development SWE Service Model 2.0 Sensor Planning Service 2.0 EO Satellite Tasking Extension for SPS 2.0 SWE Common Data Model 2.0 Sensor Observation Service 2.0 Observations and Measurements – Conceptual Model Observations & Measurements 2.0 (OMXML) SensorML 2.0 Planned for completion in 2010

38. Making Location Count… Sensor Web Concepts SWE Service Standards SWE Information Models and Schema SWE Implementations OGC and Geosciences Tutorial 4. Sensor Web Enablement Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

39. Making Location Count… Relevant Links Open Geospatial Consortium http://www.opengeospatial.org Sensor Web Enablement Working Group http://www.ogcnetwork.net/SWE SWE Public Forum http://mail.opengeospatial.org/mailman/listinfo/swe.users SensorML information http://vast.uah.edu/SensorML SensorML Public Forum http://mail.opengeospatial.org/mailman/listinfo/sensorml

40. Making Location Count… Exercise 3&4: Create an OWS request OWS and SWE services follow a pattern –GetCapabilities –GetMap, GetFeature, GetCoverage, GetObservation, etc. Exercise 3&4 –E3_4a.WMS Requests and Responses –Ee_4b.“Labs on a stick” Starts a local python web server that can be accessed through localhost:8080/ and has an OpenLayers instance to create, show, store and retrieve KML, GML in a FeatureServer. Copyright © 2010, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.