1. SJSU – CmpE © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 Software Engineering Management Dr. M.E. Fayad, Professor Computer Engineering Department, Room #283I College of Engineering San José State University One Washington Square San José, CA 95192-0180 http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/~fayad

2. L01-B-S2Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad 2 Lesson 01B: Software Stability

3. L01-B-S3Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Lesson Objectives 3 Overview of Previous Lecture Understand the following: – Enduring Business Theme – Business Objects – Industrial Objects – Framework Layering

4. L01-B-S4Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Roadmap 4 oScare - General State of Panic o Identify the Killers (Problems) oCatch the killers (Solutions)

5. L01-B-S5Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad The Current State of Software - I 5 Current software projects are engineered for the “here and now.” Changes in the support structure or the software market require massive reengineering projects. This reengineering costs ridiculous amounts of money.

6. L01-B-S6Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad The Current State of Software - II 6 Software has short life span. Often wrong software application is implemented Sometimes cancelled before completion maintenance cost over 80% of the development lifecycle

7. L01-B-S7Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Sample Problem - The Loan 7 January 1998 –I gave a loan of $1000 to one of my students. –He promised to return the money by May 1998. April 1998 –Received an e-mail asking for an extension until August 1998 March 2002 –I have not received the money

8. L01-B-S8Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Where Is The Problem? 8 After giving this problem to the students in a software engineering class, I received the following responses. –There is no problem. –Take him to court. –Kick his $@%#&! –Ignore it. What do you think?

9. L01-B-S9Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad A Traditional Model 9 LenderLoan Borrower OwesBorrowed Lent Do you think this model is an accurate representation of the problem?

10. L01-B-S10Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Roadmap 10 oScare - General State of Panic o Identify the Killers (Problems) oCatch the killers (Solutions)

11. L01-B-S11Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Problems 11 Wrong Analysis Industrial Objects Not stable architecture Missing the most enduring concepts

12. L01-B-S12Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Roadmap 12 oScare - General State of Panic oIdentify the Killers (Problems) oCatch the killers (Solutions)

13. L01-B-S13Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Open Discussion 13 Problem Domain Friendship Health Employment Family Other Relationships Borrower Schedule Lender Loan Education Expenses Finance Needs

14. L01-B-S14Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad EBT-Based Model - The Loan Problem 14 … Friendship {Enduring} Friend {Business} BorrowerLender Finance {Enduring} Loan {Business} Solvency {Enduring} Need {Enduring} Expenses {Business} Employment {Business} Health {Business} Education {Business} Family {Business}

15. L01-B-S15Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Kitchens are systems that we are all familiar with. What makes a kitchen a kitchen? Traditionally, people think of a certain set of objects when they think of a kitchen: –Stove –Sink –Refrigerator –Dishwasher –etc... 15 Sample Problem II - The Kitchen

16. L01-B-S16Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad The result is a model like this: 16 The Kitchen - A Traditional Model Kitchen CabinetCounterApplianceSink RefrigeratorDishwasherRangePantry CooktopOvenFreezer

17. L01-B-S17Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad This model has inherent flaws, however. The model can be thought of as a “tree” of aggregations and generalizations. Many of the roots of the subtrees can change drastically, causing this model to break. For example, imagine replacing the appliance node with a Star Trek food replicator... 17 The Kitchen - A Traditional Model Kitchen CabinetCounterApplianceSink RefrigeratorDishwasherRangePantry CooktopOvenFreezer

18. L01-B-S18Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad To correct this model, one must concentrate on those aspects that do not change over time. Enduring Business Themes are those concepts that remain constant for a given problem. Business Objects are those support objects that remain externally stable. Objects that may be replaced as times change are Industrial Objects. 18 The Kitchen - Correcting The Model

19. L01-B-S19Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad What does a kitchen need? What do people do in a kitchen? What is a kitchen for? 19 The Kitchen - Correcting The Model Cooking Cuisine Livability Storage Cleanliness Convenience Spaciousness AnyRecipe AnySocialization Reachability

20. L01-B-S20Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad 20 The Kitchen - A Stable Model CabinetPantry RefrigeratorFreezer Food Storage & Preservation {Enduring} Microwave Range Cooking {Enduring} CooktopOven Cuisine {Enduring} Recipe {Business} Food Livability {Enduring} Cleanliness {Enduring} Convenience {Enduring} Light {Business} CounterShelf SinkDishwasherWindowElectric Light Kitchen

21. L01-B-S21Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Identifying Enduring Business Themes & Business Objects - Identification Criteria 21 Stability Adaptability Essentiality Explicitness Intuition Tangibility Commonality to the Domain

22. L01-B-S22Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad 22 Identification Criteria

23. L01-B-S23Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad 23 Enduring Business Themes Business Objects Industrial Objects Intuition Intuition and Reading Reading Only Stability Over Time Stable Over Time Internally Stable Unstable Identification Criteria

24. L01-B-S24Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad 24 Identification Criteria

25. L01-B-S25Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad 25 Identification Criteria

26. L01-B-S26Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad 26 Identification Criteria

27. L01-B-S27Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad 27 Identification Criteria

28. L01-B-S28Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad 28 Identification Criteria

29. L01-B-S29Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Identification Heuristics - Enduring 29 Enduring Business Themes and Business Objects must be enduring. Watch out - Long field histories will not necessarily translate to true endurance.

30. L01-B-S30Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Identification Heuristics - Industrial Object Identification 30 Is the object present in a “classical” model? Can the object be replaced? Is the object a representation of a concrete item?

31. L01-B-S31Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Identification Heuristics - Top-Down Identification 31 Break off conceptual pieces of the problem. Recursively break these concepts down. Stop when a layer of industrial objects is reached.

32. L01-B-S32Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Identification Heuristics - Bottom-Up Identification 32 Start with a “classical” model. Group the industrial objects under a conceptual “heading.” Continue this grouping until further grouping is impractical or nonsensical.

33. L01-B-S33Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Identification Heuristics - There Is No Silver Bullet 33 EBT’s are conceptual themes… Usually Business objects are more concrete objects… Usually There are always exceptions to any rule.

34. L01-B-S34Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Define: Criteria for Enterprise Frameworks Let’s discuss of how to build Enterprise Frameworks T/F: EBTs are testing patterns. BOs are stable design patterns. EBTs + BOs = Framework. 34 Questions for the Next Lecture

35. L01-B-S35Software Stability © M.E. Fayad 2000-2006 SJSU – CmpE M.E. Fayad Task 1: Traditional Software Patterns Task 2: Traditional Pattern Languages Task 3: Knowledge Maps 35 Tasks for Next Lecture