3. State Standard SB4B. Explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by Arranging components of a food chain according to energy flow. Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid. Flow of Energy (2.2)

4. Energy in an Ecosystem  Autotrophs 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Principles of Ecology  Organisms that collect energy from sunlight or inorganic substances to produce food  Autotrophs are AKA producers.  Heterotrophs  Organisms that get their energy requirements by consuming other organisms A lynx is a heterotroph. Chapter 2 Heterotrophs are AKA consumers.

5.  Photoautotrophs can synthesize food by using light energy. Principles of Ecology 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2 Types of Autotrophs Chemoautotrophs can synthesize food by using inorganic chemical substances.

6. Principles of Ecology 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2 Types of Heterotrophs Organisms that only eat plants are called herbivores. Ex: cow, rabbit, grasshopper Carnivores prey on other heterotrophs. Ex: wolf, lion, lynx Organisms that eat both plants & animals are called omnivores. Ex: bear, human, mockingbird

7. Principles of Ecology 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2 Types of Heterotrophs Cont’d Detritivores eat fragments of dead matter in the ecosystem, ultimately returning nutrients to the soil, air, & water where they can be recycled. Ex: worms, millipedes, maggots, vultures Decomposers break down dead organisms by releasing digestive enzymes. Ex: bacteria, fungi

8. Principles of Ecology 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2 Types of Heterotrophs Cont’d Whenever a heterotroph consumes a producer, it is known as a primary consumer. A secondary consumer eats a primary consumer. A heterotroph is a called a tertiary consumer when it eats a secondary consumer.

9. Principles of Ecology Models of Energy Flow  Food chains and food webs model the energy flow through an ecosystem.  Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level. 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2

10. Principles of Ecology Models of Energy Flow Cont’d  A food chain is a simple model that shows one path of energy flow in an ecosystem. 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2

11. Principles of Ecology Models of Energy Flow Cont’d  A food web is a complex model representing the many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy flows through a group of organisms. 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2

12. Principles of Ecology Chapter 2

16. Principles of Ecology Ecological Pyramids  Diagrams that can show the relative amounts of energy, biomass (amount of living matter), or numbers of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem 2.2 Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem Chapter 2

17. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D CDQ 1 A. predation B. parasitism C. commensalism D. mutualism Principles of Ecology Chapter 2 Chapter Diagnostic Questions The act of one organism consuming another organism for food is _______.

18. CDQ 2 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D A. from an autotroph to a heterotroph B. from a heterotroph to an autotroph C. from a carnivore to an herbivore D. from an omnivore to an herbivore Principles of Ecology Chapter 2 Chapter Diagnostic Questions Identify how energy flows through an ecosystem in a typical food chain.

19. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 4 A. autotroph B. herbivore C. heterotroph D. decomposer Principles of Ecology Chapter 2 2.2 Formative Questions What type of organism is the foundation of all ecosystems?

20. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 5 Principles of Ecology Chapter 2 2.2 Formative Questions A. They feed on fragments of dead plants and animals B. They feed on organisms by releasing digestive enzymes. C. They get energy from inorganic substances to make food. D. They use chlorophyll to capture energy from the sun. How do detritivores obtain their energy in an ecosystem?

21. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 6 A. carnivores B. herbivores C. autotrophs D. heterotrophs Principles of Ecology Chapter 2 2.2 Formative Questions Which type of organism exists at all trophic levels except the first trophic level?

22. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D STP 4 Principles of Ecology Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice B. It is consumed by snakes. A. It consumes grasshoppers. D. It is a third-level consumer. C. It consumes both grasshoppers and snakes. Why is this mouse classified as an omnivore?