1. Earth & Space
Describe the historical development of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory.
Evidence for plate tectonics
The match in shape between the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa suggests both were once part of a single continent. There are similar patterns of rocks and similar fossils on both sides of the Atlantic - including the fossil remains of land animals that would have been unable to swim across an ocean.

2. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: Core
Mantle
Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core
Crust

3. The crust is not a solid shell;
The plates are moving at a speed of 1 to 10 cm per year.
The crust is not a solid shell;
it is broken up into huge, thick plates.

4. The Movement of the Earth's Plates
The cause of
earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain range formation, and many other crustal features.

5. Plate Tectonics Puzzle Preview
Solve the puzzle to discover what the Earth looked like 220 million years ago.
What’s the Code? Use the legend to identify the symbols on each island or continent.
Puzzle me this. Look at the shapes of continents and islands. What landmasses seem to fit together?
Let’s rock! Examine the evidence and try to match up landmass boundaries that show similar rock strata, fossilized desert belts, and dinosaur fossils.
Hold that pose. Look over the arrangement of the continents and islands and decide if the position of any of them should change. When you are satisfied with your map of Pangaea, tape or glue it down on he world map.

9. Plate Tectonics Puzzle Analysis
Answer these questions:
1. Rock type, fossils, glacial deposits, and glacier "tracks", are four types of that support the theory of plate tectonics.
2. Explain why similar fossils can be found on opposite sides of an ocean, when there is no way the organisms could have traveled that far when alive.
3. Explain why fossils of tropical animals are found in Antarctica even though the poles of the Earth have never been warm.

10. The supercontinent Pangaea
Wegener hypothesized that there was a gigantic supercontinent 200 million years ago, consisting of all of Earth’s land masses, which he
named Pangaea,
meaning
"All-earth".

11. ALFRED WEGENER AND PANGAEA
In 1915, the German geologist and meteorologist Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift,
which
states
that parts of the Earth's crust slowly drift atop a liquid core.

12. evidence
Puzzle-fit of Land
Masses

13. Present Day 225 million years ago 200 million years ago

14. Alfred Wegener traveled the world, and noticed...
2. Fossil Evidence
Alfred Wegener traveled the world, and noticed...
Fossils of Mesosaurus
(one of the first marine reptiles, even older than
the dinosaurs)
were found in both South America and South Africa.
...matching rocks and fossils on distant coastlines.

15. A convection current flows from hottest to coolest in the mantle.
3. Convection currents beneath the plates move the crustal plates in different directions.
A convection current flows from hottest to coolest in the mantle.

16. For
Understanding
EARTH'S HISTORY
A) Using the diagram, identify two pieces of evidence that support the scientist's theory that the land masses were once together.
ANSWER: (puzzle-fit of land masses, matching rock and fossil territories on distant shorelines)

17. Earth & Space
Relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features.
Plate tectonics explained why earthquakes and volcanoes were concentrated in specific places - around the boundaries of moving plates.

18. Transform Plate Movement:
Plate Tectonics
Name__________________________
Date_________________Period_____
Divergent Plate Movement:
Seafloor spreading is the movement of two _________ plates away from
each other.
The top layer of the Earth's surface is called the ________.
Results in the formation of
new oceanic _________along a mid-ocean ridge.
_________ is constantly being created and destroyed.
__________ crust is more active than __________crust.
Convergent Plate Movement:
When two plates collide
When two oceanic plates collide, one may be pushed under the other and magma from the mantle rises, forming ___________.
When an oceanic plate
collides with a continental plate,
the oceanic plate is forced under
the continental plate; this is called
_______________.
When two continental plates collide, ____________ _________ are created.
Transform Plate Movement:
When two plates move sideways against each other,
an __________________
is produced.
Most of the Earth's seismic activity (volcanoes and earthquakes) occurs at the plate boundaries as they interact.

19. Crust is constantly being
The top layer of the Earth's surface
is called the crust.
Crust is constantly being
created and destroyed.
Type of
Crust
Average Thickness
10 kilometers
(Thin and Dense)
20-80 kilometers
Average Age
million years old
3 billion years old
Major Component
Basalt
Granite
Oceanic crust is more active than continental crust.

20. Most of the Earth's seismic activity (volcanoes and earthquakes) occurs at the plate boundaries as they interact.

21. Divergent Plate Movement:
Seafloor spreading is the
movement of two oceanic
plates away from each other.
Results in the formation of new oceanic crust (from magma that comes from
within the Earth’s
mantle) along a
mid-ocean ridge.

22. Ocean Ridge Ocean Oceanic Crust Mantle Magma Asthenosphere
Divergent Plate Movement: Seafloor Spreading
Ocean Ridge
Ocean
Oceanic Crust
Mantle
Magma
Asthenosphere

23. When two plates collide
Convergent Plate Movement:
When two plates collide
When two oceanic plates collide, one may be pushed under the other and magma from the mantle rises, forming volcanoes.
When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate; this is called subduction.

24. Convergent Plate Movement: When two plates collide
Two Continental Plates - When two continental plates collide, mountain ranges are created.

25. Convergent Plate Movement:
Subduction
Volcanos
Subduction Zone
Continental
Crust
Ocean
Oceanic Crust
Mantle
Magma
Aesthenosphere

26. Transform Plate Movement:
When two plates move sideways against each other, an earthquake is produced.

27. Exit Ticket Challenge: Number your paper 1-9.
Continental
1. Which type of plate is older?
Mantel
Pangaea
2. Which type of plate is thicker?
4. What is it called when one plate is pushed under another plate as they collide?
3. What is it called when two oceanic plates move apart and new crust is formed?
Exit Ticket Challenge:
Number your paper 1-9.
Match each definition with the correct term.
Mountain
Range
Wegener
5. What can form when two continental plates collide?
Oceanic
6. What do plates float on?
7. New crust is created by _____?
Magma
Subduction
8. Who first proposed the theory of continental drift?
9. What is the name of the supercontinent that formed from about 200 to 100 million years ago?
Seafloor Spreading