2. LHC Status and prospects G. Arduini for the LHC team Acknowledgements: A. Apollonio, H. Bartosik, O. Brüning, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, R. Jacobsson, M. Lamont, L. Mether, D. Mirarchi, G. Papotti, M. Pojer, S. Redaelli, A. Romano, L. Rossi, G. Rumolo, W. Scandale, M. Schenk, M. Solfaroli-Camillocci, E. Todesco, J. Wenninger, G. Willering 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini2

3. LHC - 2015 run priorities Target energy: 6.5 TeV 25 ns and larger number of bunches strongly favored by experiments – pile-up  * in ATLAS and CMS: starting from conservative operation to 80 cm and prepare conditions for further reduction to 40 cm Validate optimum running conditions for 2016 Lower quench margins Lower tolerance to beam loss Hardware closer to maximum (beam dumps, power converters etc.) Energy Electron-cloud UFOs More long range collisions Larger crossing angle, higher beta* Higher total beam current Higher intensity per injection 25 ns 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini3

4. 4

5. Hardware commissioning Activities started on September 15th, 2014. Powering tests were completed at 8 am on Friday April 3 rd Scope of 2014-15 hardware commissioning (HWC): circuit powering and protection. Prepare the LHC for operation at 6.5 TeV 1566 SC circuits commissioned through execution and analysis of more than 10000 test steps (~13800 steps with re-execution) Powering system defined the duration of the HWC. In parallel, commissioning takes place for all the other accelerator systems Number of commissioning steps versus time 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini5

6. Magnet training LHC reached 6.5 TeV plus 100 A margin with 173 quenches Training time in the shadow of HWC, 1-2 weeks per sector 3000 series showing de-training (141 quenches out of 173) This was already seen in 2008, when one sector was pushed to similar levels and showed overwhelming quenches of 3000 series 1000 and 2000 series give few quenches (less than 1 out of 20 magnets) E. Todesco, G. Willering 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini6

7. Magnet training Within the 3000 series there is evidence of better and worse parts of the production (good start and rapid degradation) Magnets installed in sector 45 (mainly between 3150 and 3200) had 75% probability of quench to reach 6.5 TeV Comparison of 2008 and 2015 training of sector 56 show that results are compatible with no improvement and no degradation With present set of data, at each warming up we expect the same training Number of quenches per magnet to reach 6.5 TeV in the 416 magnets of the 3000 series with binning of 52 magnets and two sigma error E. Todesco, G. Willering 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini7

8. 2015 commissioning strategy Ongoing 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini8

9. AprilMayJuneJulyAugust 2015 operation at a glance September 3 rd April Completion of PT campaign 5 th April First circulating beam 10 th April 6.5 TeV for the first time (ever!) 3 rd June First STABLE BEAMS! Intense beam commissioning phase 1.6x10 33 cm -2 s -1 14 th July 476b (50 ns) TS#1 MD#2 + TS#2 30 th June end of scrubbing for 50 ns MD#1 7 th August end of scrubbing for 25 ns 26 th September 25 ns STABLE BEAMS with 1321 bunches/beam 3.2x10 33 cm -2 s -1 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini9

10. From beam commissioning Machine status after LS1 and at higher energy Aperture is good and compatible with the collimation hierarchy Good magnetic reproducibility Optically good, corrected to excellent Magnets behaving well at 6.5 TeV (just 4 additional training quenches since beam operation started) BLM working beautifully and threshold correctly set (4 beam induced (UFOs) quenches so far) Excellent operation control…injection, ramp, squeeze etc. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini10

11. Aperture Carefully checked with beam. Compatible with operation at  * = 40 cm IP1 – B1 IP1 – B2 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini11

12. Optics well under control down to 40 cm R. Tomas and OMC team 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini12

13. From beam commissioning Machine status after LS1 and at higher energy Collimation: New collimators with BPMs to speed-up setting-up. Instrumentation: reliable from the early start. Need more bunch by bunch diagnostics for high intensity operation. Some new nice features from high energy: radiation damping  reduction of bunch length and vertical emittance partly compensating sources of blow-up  increased luminosity lifetime (~ 30 hours) BPM button 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini13

14. Challenges & limitations Earth faults ULO QPS TDI Electron Cloud and Cryogenics UFO 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini14

15. Earth faults An earth faults generates a trip of the circuit with the consequence of (sometimes very) long recovery time for circuit protection and fault investigation Ex. of warm cable contact In addition…six occurrences of intermittent earth faults in main dipole circuits. They only last for about 3/4 seconds Reason unknown… …faults may appear again! Contact in the cold part 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini15

16. Earth faults - more recently Had to condemn a circuit of 154 sextupole correctors (RCS.A78B2) Intermittent earth fault in the main dipole chain in sector 78. Instrumentation issue? Earth current detected by power converter… 11000 A 3 - 4 seconds 40 – 50 mA 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini16

17. Presently running with orbit bumps -3 mm in H, +1 mm in V, to optimize available aperture Behaviour with higher intensities looks OK …stability of the object remains a concern ULO (Unidentified Lying Object) Aperture restriction measured at injection and 6.5 TeV in 15R8.B2 D. Mirarchi 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini17

18. 1248 modified boards have been installed during LS1 to be used for special tests (CSCM) to verify splice quality after consolidation. All exchanged (1140 during TS#2) and circuits revalidated SOLVED - FINALLY QPS dump triggers (SEU) “Old” QPS boards are 4 order of magnitude less sensible to radiation SEU due to non radiation hard components installed during LS1 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini18

19. TDI: movable vertical absorbers (4.2 m long) down stream of injection kickers Main blocks are made of hex-boron-nitride. During bake-out tests was discovered that the TDIs cannot withstand temperatures higher than 450 ◦ C (B 2 O 3 reactant melting temperature) Both TDIs will be replaced (graphite jaws) in YETS!! This led to the decision of limiting the number of bunches per injection to 144. This limits the maximum number of bunches to around 2400 TDI (injection protection device) 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini19

20. TDI Beam 2 (IR8) - vacuum Heating and outgassing of TDI right of point 8 has been observed during high intensity operation Vacuum spikes up to and above interlock limits Likely non-conformity in the construction. Hopefully addressed during YETS Potential limit in the maximum number of bunches that can be accumulated 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini20

21. Consequences: –impact on beam quality (instabilities, emittance growth, particle losses) –bad vacuum –excessive energy deposition Electron bombardment of a surface proved to reduce drastically the secondary electron yield (SEY) This technique (scrubbing) provides a mean to suppress e-cloud build-up When operating with small bunch spacing an avalanche-like process, (Electron Cloud) can develop in the beam chamber due to the Secondary Emission from the chamber’s wall Electron cloud 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini21

22. Approach with two scrubbing phases Phase#1 (50 ns and 25 ns beam for 50 ns operation) 50 ns beam  ~1000 bunches Excellent beam lifetime, no e-cloud 25 ns beams  ~1000 bunches Beam degradation important, slow improvement (main limitation was MKI vacuum) Non adiabatic splitting at SPS injection Phase#2 (25 ns and doublets for 25 ns operation): 25 ns beam  >2000 bunches Injection phase limited by cryo and vac (TDI and MKI) for B2 Doublet beams  ~250 bunches Larger e-cloud, fast beam quality degradation Scrubbing Observations confirmed a clear improvement of beam quality thanks also to adapted machine settings 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini22

23. 50 ns25 ns Scrubbing Run 1: 24 June – 2 July Performed in order to allow intensity ramp up with 50 ns beams SEY lowered below 1.5  no e-cloud in the arcs with 50 ns beams G. Iadarola, G. Rumolo et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini23

24. Hard to spot any trend on heat loads or reconstructed SEY Scrubbing Run 2: 25 July - 7 August G. Iadarola, G. Rumolo et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini24

25. But beam quality steadily improving… Scrubbing Run 2: 25 July - 7 August G. Iadarola, G. Rumolo et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini25

26. Scrubbing @ 25 ns bunch spacing 10 days of scrubbing with ~60% availability. Overall successful run taking into account the limitations: TDI performance limited the number of bunches in Beam 2 Slowed down by time response of the cryogenic system Signs of loss of scrubbing memory to be followed and understood after technical stop and low intensity runs but recovering rapidly (few hours) Observations confirmed the effectiveness of the Scrubbing process Clear improvement of beam quality thanks also to adapted machine settings  Enabler for physics with 25 ns beams with > 1000 bunches Continuing scrubbing with physics beams Doublet beams looks promising to compensate reduction of efficiency close to thresholds since enhancing electron cloud production. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini26

27. Heat load evolution in physics We do not expect a reduction of the heat load in the LHC quadrupoles but experimental measurement in the laboratory would indicate the possibility of a reduction in the dipoles Conditioning but saturating then? G. Iadarola, G. Rumolo et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini27

28. PeriodHeat load dose [Ws/hc] Scrubbing dose [C/mm 2 ] Scrubbing Run 11.7 x 10 6 ~1.2 x 10 -3 Scrubbing Run 27.7 x 10 6 ~5 x 10 -3 Before TS22.6 x 10 6 ~1.8 x 10 -3 After TS22.5 x 10 7 ~1.7 x 10 -2 Conditioning seems slower than expected from laboratory measurements Accumulated electron dose R. Cimino, V. Baglin et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini28

29. Cryogenics Heat load due to e-cloud on beam screen circuits during Injection & Ramp Stability problem following a dump (sudden heat un-load on the system) Pausing injection for cooling regulation Waiting to ramp for cooling regulation Beam intensity and beam screen temperature over time Learning curve! RAMP 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini29

30. Cryogenic Limit: ~160 W/hc (1.5 W/m/beam), including some margin for transients Compatible with ~2000 bunches in the machine  need to progress in the mastering of the cryogenics Important to calibrate precisely the measurements to get the exact limitations while monitoring the conditioning progress Where do we stand: arc heat loads 1177 bunches G. Iadarola, G. Rumolo et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini30

31. Beam Screen UFO (Unidentified Falling Objects) Dust particle dynamics model predicts (among others): Loss duration of few tenths to few ms Losses become faster for larger beam intensities 1.A macroparticle (dust) falls from the top of the beam screen 2.The macroparticle is ionized due to elastic collisions with the beam 3.The positively charged macroparticle is subsequently repelled away from the beam 4.During the above, there may be significant losses due to inelastic collisions -> beam dump and/or magnet quench! F. Zimmermann Is our picture complete? Any correlation with e-cloud? 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini31

32. No. of UFO events exceeded 10+/hour in 2012 with increase after shutdowns and with reduced bunch spacing UFO (Unidentified Falling Objects) Arc UFOs during SB in 2012 Arc UFOs during SB in 2015 Beam Loss Monitor thresholds set judiciously (only 2 UFO induced quenches), but we frequently observe UFOs close to dump threshold We essentially rely on conditioning… G. Papotti T. Baer 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini32

33. Challenges & limitations summary LimitationPresent situationPerspective QPS SOLVED!! UFO Many UFOs Conditioning will help, but will get worse with beam intensity ULO Not an issue Monitor aperture and its evolution for decision in view of YETS Earth faults LATENTUNKNOWN TDIs Limitation to ~2400 bunches and possibly less for Beam 2 (144 b/inj) Will be exchanged in YETS 2015. Unknown non-conformity remain a potential issue Electron cloud Still important heat load but no serous impact on beam quality Need to monitor evolution. Important to approach ~2000 bunches CRYO Slowing down injection & ramp Stability after beam dump Evaluation of the cryogenics margin and consolidation of the procedures 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini33

34. Significant boost after TS#2 Some statistics MD#2 + TS#2 MD#1 + scrubbing ATLAS: 1.3 fb -1 ALICE: 2.21 pb -1 CMS: 1.2 fb -1 LHCb: 112.2 pb -1 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini34

35. Beam stored energy 1465 bunches/ring (29/9)  largest number of bunches in STABLE BEAMS so far in the LHC Lower bunch population but higher energy Beam stored energy: 2012 values exceeded J. Wenninger 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini35

36. 50 ns (> 100 bunches) high energy dumps Integrated SB time = 58 hours * MISC contains all dumps that happened only once and that there is no reason to expect again DUMPS vs BEAM MODES DUMP CLASSIFICATION M. Solfaroli-Camillocci 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini36

37. 25 ns (> 100 bunches) high energy dumps Integrated SB time = 176 hours * MISC contains all dumps that happened less than 2 times and that there is no reason to expect again No more Earth faults No QPS trigger after TS#2 Higher load on Cryo and RF Before TS#2 After TS#2 DUMPS vs BEAM MODES DUMP CLASSIFICATION M. Solfaroli-Camillocci 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini37

38. Fault statistics to 27 th September Total LHC Fault Time: 1394 h (~58 days) Cryo: ~ 95 h quench recovery (“child fault”) Not including pre-cycles in the fault time A. Apollonio, A. Niemi 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini38

39. Statistics Before TS2After TS2 Turnaround – 43% Stable beam – 19% Faults – 38% Faults – 28% Stable beam – 28% Turnaround – 44% Stable beam fraction in 2012 was 36% G. Apollonio 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini39

40. LHC planning Before the YETS: 30 days pp low β physics left 5 days pp high β physics left 5 days Machine Development 7 days of Technical Stop (+recovery) 28 days Pb-Pb 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini40

41. Possible performance increase β* reduction Machine studies have shown that 40 cm is within reach (so far at low intensity) About 3/4 days needed + intensity ramp-up Emittance reduction BCMS scheme – smaller emittance from injectors 8b+4e scheme – would turn off e-cloud but with reduced number of bunches BUT High priority should be given to the study of the behaviour of 25 ns and doublet beams compatibly with existing potential limits (TDI) to explore conditioning speed and master cryogenics operation 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini41

42. Run 2 EYETS – Extended Year End Technical Stop – 19 weeks – CMS pixel upgrade Start LS2 at the end of 2018 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini42

43. Run 2 performance Start 2016 in production mode 6.5 TeV, machine scrubbed for 25 ns operation  * = 40 cm in ATLAS and CMS New injection protection absorbers Peak luminosity limited to 1.7x10 34 cm -2 s -1 by heat load on the inner triplets Reasonable availability assumed – need to gain experience with 25 ns operation Peak lumi [10 34 cm -2 s -1 ] Days proton physics Approx. int lumi [fb -1 ] 2015~0.5653 20161.216030 20171.516036 20181.516036 M. Lamont 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini43

44. And beyond… 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini44

45. HL-LHC Goals Prepare machine for reliable operation beyond 2026 for the following decade Devise beam parameters and operation scenarios for: enabling a total integrated luminosity of 3000 fb -1  250 fb -1 to 300 fb -1 / year, design operation for pile-up ~ 140 (  peak luminosity of 5×10 34 cm -2 s -1 ) compatibly with detector capabilities design equipment for ‘ultimate’ performance of 7.5×10 34 cm -2 s - 1 (pile-up ~210) Crucial to master 25 ns operation (although alternative schemes exist) 10x the luminosity reach of first 10 years of LHC operation!! 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini45

46. Splices fixed Injectors upgrade 25 fb -1 3000 fb -1 300 fb -1 New Low-β* quads Crab Cavity Phase2 1000 fb -1 And beyond.. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini46

47. Ingredients for the Upgrade Operation at pile-up/pile-up density limit by choosing parameters that allow higher than design pile-up: maximize bunch intensities  Injector Complex Upgrade minimize the beam emittance  Injector Complex Upgrade maximize number of bunches (beam power)  25 ns minimize beam size at the interaction point (constant beam power)  LHC optics compensate for luminosity reduction factor F  crab cavities Improve machine ‘Efficiency’  minimize the number of unscheduled beam aborts 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini47

48. HL-LHC Performance Estimates ParameterNominal25ns – HL-LHC Bunch population N b [10 11 ]1.152.2 Number of bunches28082748 Beam current [A]0.581.12 Crossing angle [  rad] 300590 Beam separation [  ] 9.912.5  * [m] 0.550.15 Normalized emittance  n [  m] 3.752.5  L [eVs] 2.51 Relative energy spread [10 -4 ]1.20 r.m.s. bunch length [m]0.075 Virtual Luminosity (w/o CC) [10 34 cm -2 s -1 ]1.2 (1.2)21.3 (7.2) Max. Luminosity [10 34 cm -2 s -1 ]15.1 Levelled Pile-up/Pile-up density [evt. / evt./mm]26/0.2140/1.25 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini48

49. To accommodate larger beam size at the triplet (smaller size at the IP) Larger crossing angle to minimize beam-beam e.m. interaction ca.145m ca.50m Large aperture IR magnets 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini49

50. Large aperture triplets Triplet with Beam Screen and W Shielding: 133T/m, 150mm coil diameter, beam screen at 40-60K 1.2kW from Q1 to D1 @ nominal  50% more at ultimate 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini50

51. Crab-cavities Crab-cavities (CC) are RF cavities used to deflect the bunch head and tail transversely to counteract the luminosity loss from the large crossing angles and small beam sizes at HL-LHC To be installed on both sides of ATLAS and CMS CCs have never been used in a hadron machine - there are many challenges: noise on the beam, machine protection etc. SPS tests in 2017 no CC  rad ss 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini51

52. Crab-cavities 4 cryo modules with two cavities each provides modularity and flexibility (e.g. phased installation and crab kissing) Achieved nominal field in prototypes Issue of beam induced e.m. fields being addressed 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini52

53. L [10 34 cm -2 s -1 ] t [h] Virtual peak luminosity (F=1) leveling at 5x10 34 cm -2 s -1  eff =15 h, T ta =5 h leveling at 2.5x10 34 cm -2 s -1  eff =30 h, T ta =5 h Ingredients for the Upgrade F. Zimmermann 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini53

54.  * levelling tests 2x through squeeze with colliding beams TCT aligned Promising ** Lumi J. Wenninger et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini54

55. Enhanced LHC collimation with crystals Could provide enhanced collimation efficiency Could allow operating with relaxed settings for the secondary collimators  lower impedance Complete tracking simulations of cleaning inefficiencies Prototype installation in LHC: Vertical crystal: DCUM 19918, horizontal crystal: DCUM 19842 Crystal parameters: bending angle 50 μrad, length 4 mm The simulated beam loss maps show that local cleaning inefficiency is reduced by about 10 times in the dispersion suppressor, with respect to the present system W. Scandale, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini55

56. The LHC goniometers horizontalvertical crystals Movable beam pipe crystal linear movement angular movement Movable beam pipe section Stepping motor (linear movement) RF contacts Garage position  Alignment of the crystal with respect to incoming particles is critical: 1 μrad accuracy required at 7 TeV, dynamic accuracy of the motion essential to obtain collimation during beam acceleration and  * squeezing.  Design of the goniometers in collaboration with industrial partners: closed-loop piezoelectric angular movement (range: 20 mrad, accuracy 1 µrad) motorized linear axis (60 mm stroke, 5 μm resolution) integrated high-precision alignment system no measured impact on machine impedance during normal LHC operation (movable beam pipe section with RF contacts) quick-plugin on the collimator supports (including all cable connections) Bake out at 110 °C UA9 - W. Scandale et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini56

57. Channeling test in LHC Only 2h ware needed to successfully observe the channeling orientation looking at the losses immediately downstream the crystal. Angular scan for horizontal crystal performed with the LHC primary collimators (TCPs) out of 1 mm, and all the TCSGs upstream the crystal out. The losses reduction factor (between CH and amorphous orientation) can be estimated around 20 UA9 - W. Scandale et al. 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini57

58. HL-LHC Preliminary Design Report published at the end of 2014 HL-LHC/LIU Cost and Schedule review (9-11 March 2015) Very positive assessment. Issues identified: Compatibility of the civil engineering work with LHC operation during Run3 due to vibrations Discrepancy requirements/expected performance for ion operation Possible deferral of some items  crab-cavities staged installation 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini58

59. New baseline for C.E.: maximizing volumes underground and minimizing ground floor Shift and extension of LS2 (2019-2020) Civil Engineerng plans compatible with new LS2 schedule: Change in baseline (minimizing surface construction); meeting with local authorities started! 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini59

60. HL-LHC Ion performance (request to deliver 10 nb -1 in Pb-Pb mode by the end of Run 4) being addressed in collaboration with injectors. At present not possible with the planned ion runs duration Present plan foresees ion physics up to Run 4 included  ~30 days more for proton physics after LS4 Dedicated Experiment-Machine day at the next HiLumi meeting in October addressing: Pile-up and pile-up density  pile-up density limitation has important implications for the machine and performance Possible operation of LHCb up to 1-2x10 34 cm -2 s -1 after LS4 Ion performance 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini60

61. SPS Not only LHC/HL-LHC injector: Major upgrade to cope with HL-LHC requirements in LS2: RF power Coating to suppress electron cloud effects Work horse for fixed target physics: SHiP facility proposal based on present performance capabilities of the SPS: Branch from the North Extraction (slow extraction at ~400 GeV/c of 4x10 13 p/cycle in ~1 s every 7.2 s): 4x10 19 pot/year Main challenges (accelerator): extraction septa reliability and radiation in the extraction area 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini61

62. SHiP Technical Proposal Technical Proposal together with Physics Proposal submitted to SPSC April 2015 >80 authors (theorists) >200 pages >1000 references! 243 authors 45 institutes in 14 countries 250 pages + 200 pages of complementary documents outlining beam, target, RP, and civil engineering by CERN task force R. Jacobsson 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini62

63. SHiP Project schedule Re-optimized schedule with significantly shifted cost profile and taking into account heavy civil engineering during LS2 for HL-LHC Based on new accelerator schedule SHiP data taking 2026 CERN: 3.7 MCHF and 9 FTEs during TDR phase up to end 2018 for complete facility + 4 FTEs for integration Many of the milestones related to the facility are of general interest beyond SHiP 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini63 R. Jacobsson

64. Conceptual layout of CRYSBEAM  Crystal kick about 1 mrad technically feasible.  Detection and timing of deflected/extracted beam at the vacuum/air interface with a detector based on Cherenkov light emission.  Instrumented beam dump in air.  CERN, INFN and UA9 discussed in June 2014 inclusion of ERC-CoG CRYSBEAM within the UA9 collaboration  A new MoU in preparation Crysbeam GOALS  Produce crystals with a large bending angle (a few mrad)  Test them in the North Area  Propose a scenario for the halo extraction in the SPS,  Test and characterize the halo extraction in the SPS  Propose of a scenario for an extraction test in LHC 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini64 W. Scandale et al. Low loss slow (over > seconds) extraction is a need for many high energy physics experiments

65. Extraction with small deflection angle Working group to define  Motivations  Scenario  Crystals and goniometer  Possible test: resources and schedule  Crystal kick about 0.1 mrad.  Detection and timing of deflected/extracted beam at the vacuum/air interface with a detector based on Cherenkov light emission. Cherenkov light detector 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini65 W. Scandale et al.

66. Outlook on the future… Inclusion of ERC-CoG CRYSBEAM project in UA9 2014-2019 Charged particle Coherent interactions New phenomena, better measurements, Measurements at H8 and LNF BTF Crystals on Accelerators Collimation, beam scraping, extraction LHC crystal collimation validation Collimation detailed studies on SPS “Forward” physics & Cosmic rays Crystal extraction from SPS and possibly LHC LHC fixed target program (AFTER) New crystal concept 30/09/2015 INFN - CSN1 - G. Arduini66 W. Scandale et al.