1. Mycoplasma 支原体
组员:
王琳琳 毕叶 徐英 王刚 王聪
张志强

2. Content Defination Discovery Classification Morphology Structure
Cultural character
Compassion with L-formed Bacterium

3. Mycoplasma No cell wall Prokaryotic microbe free-living in nature
Can live in the non-living medium
Bacteria-filtration device
Have filament with branches

4. Model

5. Discovery
In 1898, Nocard found Mycoplasma from the cattle that had pleuropneumonia .
In 1937, Dienes isolated Mycoplasma from the pus of patients.
Once they were named pleuropneumonia-like organism (类胸膜肺炎微生物）
In 1962, Chanock succeeded in cultivating Mycoplasma aitificially.

6. Classification
Mycoplasma belongs to mollicute(柔膜体纲）Mycoplasmatales（支原体目）.
Mycoplasmataceae(支原体科）
Ancholeplasmataceae（无胆淄原体科）
Spiroplasmataceae(螺原体科)

7. Mycoplasmataceae(支原体科)
* M.pneumoniae(肺炎支原体)
* M.hominis(人型支原体)
* M.genitalium(生殖器支原体)
Ureaplasma(脲原体属)
* U.urealyticum(溶脲脲原体)

8. M.pneumoniae

9. U.urealyticum

10. 人类主要支原体生物学性状 Mycoplasma Glycogen Arginine Urea Pathogenicity
M.pneumonia + _
pneumonia
bronchitis
M.Hominis
Urogenital infection
M.genitalium
M.penetraus
Mostly in AIDS
U.Urealyticum

11. Shape of mycoplasma
Size: The smallest, 0.2 ~ 0.3 μ m, under pressure it can pass though Bacteria-filtration device.
Usually spherical, double spherical, filamentous
Vegetative mode: binary fission
Stain: hard to be stained in Gram.
Giemsa, blue

12. M.Pneumoniae with Giemsa stain

13. Structure (Under electron microscope )
Three layers: outer and inner layers contain protein and glycogen, meddle layer is composed of lipid (cholesterol takes up 36%)
The only cellular organ –ribosome.
DNA and RNA, gene is dsDNA.

14. Special structures:
Some contain terminal structure(顶端结构), related to the adhesion.
Capsule, has something to do with virulence.
Microfilament

15. Cultivation
high Nutritional requirements : cardin (牛心浸液),serum, yeast steep(酵母浸液）
In pH7.8 ~ 8.0 growth below 7.0 deaths (Ureaplasma urealyticum pH6.0 ~ 6.5)
Need 5%~10%CO2
Slow Growth，life cycle: 1~3h
liquid medium: Difficult to see the turbid
Solid medium: A typical colony was fried egg shape.
U.urealyticum:10~40 μ m, like "T" line

17. Antigen structure
Antigen structure: membrane protein ( use ELISA to detect) and glycolipids. Glycolipids have strong antigens, but have poor specificity.
Part of M.pneumoniae has capsule, which is mainly polysaccharide.
Some have mitogen, cause autoimmune reaction.

18. Resistance
Death 50℃ 30minutes or 55℃ 5-15 minutes. Sensitive to UV, dry, heat, Cleanser and disinfectant.
Strong resistance to: low temperature(-70 ℃), thallium acetate(铊酸), crystal violet(结晶紫).
Resistance to penicillin, etc.
The antibiotic-sensitive protein synthesis interference.

19. Both the mycoplasma and the L –formed bacterium don't have the cell wall, their biological characters are similar. But what’s the Differences between them?

20. Difference between L-formed and M.
Biological character
Mycoplasma
L formed bacteria
Colony
Fried egg shape, 0.1~0.3mm
Fried egg shape, 0.5~1.0mm
Shape and size
Many kinds of shape,0.2~0.3um
Many kinds of shape,0.6~1.0um.
Cell wall
Without,
Heredity
Deficient or without, phenotype variation, can restore
Cell membrane
1/3 is Cholesterol
Without Cholesterol
Liquid culture
The opacity is very low
Has some opacity

21. Mycoplasma colony

22. L-formed colony

23. Thank you!!!~