1. Energy for Performance

2. Fuels for Exercise Carbohydrates FatsProteins ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) ADP + P + Energy

3. What are Energy Stores in the Body Carbohydrates – Glucose – Fructose – Galactose Fats – Fatty Acids Proteins – Amino Acids

4. Fuel Reserves in an 70kg (155 lb) Person Potential Energy available in (kcal) LocationGlycogenFatsProteins Liver400450400 Adipose Tissue (Fat) 0135,0000 Muscle1,20035024,000

5. Storing Carbohydrates Carbs are stored as glycogen in the muscles and the liver It will include 3X its weight in water The total storage of glycogen in the body will last a day without eating (about 1,600kcal) This will last about 2-3 hours with intense exercise Blood and brain glucose levels are kept in a very narrow range Hyperglycemic – is an increase in blood glucose Hypoglycemic – is a decrease in blood glucose

6. Storing Fats We are very good at this Your body is very efficient and primal in how it works Fats are storing in almost every region of the body A small amount is stored in muscles but the majority is stored around organs and subcutaneously (under the skin)

7. Storing Proteins It is used to build tissue but can be broken down to release energy Is used only during the last stages of long duration activity when glycogen stores are exhausted Will also be used during periods of semi- starvation of if a person is on a low carb diet Keytosis can occur in this situation to “feed” the brain from the breakdown of fatty acids through the liver

8. Energy to be Released The potential energy in food nutrients is extracted and utilized to synthesize ATP CHO is the only nutrient whose stored energy can be used to generate ATP anaerobically During light and moderate exercise, CHO supplies about ½ the body’s energy A continual breakdown of CHO is required so that lipid nutrients can be processed for energy (switches fat from storing to burning modes)

9. How is Energy Released Carbohydrate – Pyruvic Acid to Acetyl CoA and into the Krebs Cycle – About 2000 kcal Fat – Free Fatty Acids to Acetyl CoA – 147 ATP per fatty acid (X3 = 441 ATP + 19ATP from the glyceride) Protein – Nitrogen must be removed and then it is coverted to glycogen in the liver

10. Your body will get energy Anerobically from Glycogen and will build up lactic acid as a by product If oxygen is involved then more energy is available and there are no harmful by- products

11. Metabolism Overview

12. Locations of each part of the Energy Cycle

13. A bit more Specific

14. Anaerobic in the Cytoplasm

15. Lactate is processed by the Kori Cycle in the Liver

16. If Oxygen is present then Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA

17. And Finally the H + created by the Krebs Cycle are taken up to make lots of ATP