1. Product group OPTISONIC Ultrasonic Process flowmeters PM EMF & UFM 2015-07

2. Acoustic signals are transmitted and received along a diagonal measuring path. A sound wave going downstream with the flow travels faster than a sound wave going upstream against the flow. The difference in transit time is directly proportional to the flow velocity of the liquid. Measurement Principle Basics of Ultrasonic Transit Time Measurement

3. Measurement Principle Medium independent T A  B = L C + V * cos  Transit time (T) = Distance Speed Downstream transducer A to B Upstream transducer B to A T B  A = L C - V * cos  D =Pipe diameter L =Acoustic path length V =Flow velocity medium C =Velocity of sound medium  V cos α VV αα LL DD CC Transducer A Transducer B

4. Measurement Principle Medium independent Average Flow Velocity (V) = L T B  A - T A  B 2 * cos  T B  A * T A  B * Flow = A (Area) x V (Flow velocity) =  D 3 T B  A - T A  B 4 sin (2  T B  A T A  B constant * No influence of medium properties like: Density, Temperature, Viscosity, Velocity of sound

5. Measurement Principle Average Flow Velocity in a Pipe V L = Average velocity over the acoustic path L VLVL What is measured? What is required? V avg Vavg =Average velocity over the total cross section

6. Measurement Principle Inline UFM Flow meters and the effect of Multiple Beams Single beam Reynolds dependent Sensitive to non symmetrical flow profiles No redundancy Accuracy: ±1 to 2% (to 33% in transition area) 3-beam Reynolds dependency < 0,5% Correction for non symmetrical flow profiles Redundant measurement beam Accuracy: < ± 0,5% 5-beam Reynolds independent Correction for non-symm. flow profiles & swirl Redundant measurement beams Accuracy < ± 0,15%

7. Measurement Principle Multiple Beams Position of Beams Chordal configuration Most information on flow profile UFM 3030, ALTOSONIC V Cross configuration Mean flow velocity is only measured through the pipe centre. In case of all multiple beam clamp-on UFM Reflex mode Mean velocity is measured in the centre of the pipe Possible scaling on reflection surface Inline & clamp on

8. Measurement Principle liquid measurement The restrictions of the past become the features of today Effect Guideline 1.Gas bubble ReflectionsVol.%  2% detection 2.Solids ReflectionsVol. %  5% Reflection of acoustic signal due to gas bubbles or solids

9. Measurement Principle Restrictions for UFM gas, basically removed * Some gasses like CO2 provide excessive damping of acoustic signals which limited the application range in the past Effect Guideline 1.Damping*Signal lossAlways check application with sizing tool 2.Liquids Reflections and Mainly use with dry gas acoustic shortcut

10. Diagnostics Fundamental part of ultrasonic flow measurement 1.Extra measurements: Velocity of sound, molweight of gas 2.Signal strength indication -Indication of higher viscosities, entrained air, gas or wax. -Expressed in amplifier gain, 0..100 dBv of 3 channels combined 3.Reliability check of measurements Warning that measurements may not be within specified accuracy class e.g. in case of gas, air, bubbles. -Measurement will continue -Indicated with compass fields and alarm message 4.Info on transducer connection & transducer functioning -Short, open or no measuring signal. -Indicated with compass fields 1, 2, 3 and alarm message 5.Redundancy of measurement lines with 3 beams -With a failure of one measurement path, flow measurement continues with 2 other paths and is compensated for.

11. Diagnostics UFC 400 diagnostic capabilities: NE107 Maintenance required Output signal still valid NE107 icons for status messages and error handling: −on UFC 400 display −via all communication protocols −Status messages are grouped by problem source: Sensor Electronics Configuration Process −User can change group or priority Failure Output signal invalid Check function Output signal (temporarily) invalid Out of specification Unreliability of output signal

12. Benefits of Ultrasonic flow measurement Independent of liquid properties -Density -Viscosity -Temperature -Conductivity Non intrusive. No moving parts Bi-directional measurements High accuracy over wide measuring range Large dynamic range > Starts measuring from zero flow Self/process diagnostics

13. Ultrasonic process flowmeters product portfolio in-line process UFM 530 HT, High Temperature liquids OPTISONIC 6300, stationaryOPTISONIC 6300 P, portable clamp-on In-line process OPTISONIC 7300 gas / steam OPTISONIC 3400 OPTISONIC 8300

14. OPTISONIC: Applications and industries Always a good solution Oil & Gas Petrochemicals Chemicals Energy Water & Wastewater Marine Steel i

15. Axillary applications Supply of oxygen and nitrogen Cryogenic applications LNG (liquefied natural gas) Separation of air in to N2, O2, Ar etc. Small diameters 2”-6”. Used for CT

16. GFM 700 HT Application Shell / Air Liquide project  250 MWe Gas fired CHP plant  Build/operated by Air Liquide  Supplying steam to Shell  Supplying electricity to Eneco  (utility company)  Steam flowmeters delivered in 2006  Plant operational in 2010.

17.  Dual OPTISONIC 7300 F, 30”/DN750, 600 lbs OPTISONIC 7300 applications, Gas storage project Spain

18. Heating & Cooling District heating ESSENT, Tilburg  Under station in residential area  UFM3030/DN80 in secondary circuit

19. Water & Wastewater Harnasch Polder, The Netherlands One of Europe’s largest and most modern waste water treatment plants near The Hague Also the Royal waste is processed here

20. Water & Wastewater Harnasch Polder, The Netherlands KROHNE supplied 3xDN2500 (100”) for influent measurement. Due to a special verification concept only applicable with UFM, the flowmeters do not have to be removed for re-calibration every 5 years as prescribed by European regulation. This resulted in significant cost saving for the operation of the plant

21. Water & Wastewater UFM 3030 for large Diameter Pipelines Raw water Treatment & Distribution in Agriculture & Irrigation Advantage UFM 3030: In-situ verification Economical large diameters up to DN 3.000 (120”) High accuracy Easy-to-use Customer:Lesotho - South Africa DiameterDN 2800 (112”)

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