Use of Recycled Waste Materials In Road Construction

Use of Recycled Waste Materials In Road Construction
A review Presented by: Abukhettala, Mukhtar; 05/05/2016 PAGE COUVERTURE (option 2) ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. COVER PAGE (option 2) DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide. Faculté de genie | Faculty of Social Sciences Département de génie civil | Civil Engineering Department uOttawa.ca uOttawa.ca

• Recycled Materials in Road construction • References.
2 Content • Introduction ▪ Types of Pavements ▪ Types of Pavement Distresses ▪ Problem Statement ▪ Objectives ▪ Scope • Recycled Materials in Road construction • References. • Questions / Comments / Feedback PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Pavement Types • Flexible • Rigid • Composite • CBP Base Course
3 Pavement Types • Flexible • Rigid • Composite • CBP Base Course Sub-base Paving blocks Subgrade Bedding Sand PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Load Distribution Mechanisms
4 Load Distribution Mechanisms PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Types of Distresses in Pavement
5 Types of Distresses in Pavement Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement Permanent deformation “ Rutting” Pumping Fatigue Cracking Thermal Cracking Joint Deterioration Faulting PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Types of Distresses in Pavement
6 Types of Distresses in Pavement PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Scarcity of Natural Resources
7 Problem Statement Scarcity of Natural Resources Incurred cost from processing quality materials Pollution to the environment Fluctuation in crude oil production Deficiency in properties of produced asphalt cement Substantial growth in Traffic volume on roads Impaired pavement performance despite advances in some aspects. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Exploring the most recyclable Materials in the road field.
8 Objectives Exploring the most recyclable Materials in the road field. Understanding benefits and drawbacks of utilizing some of these materials in comparison to the others. International experience with recycling in Roads. Identifying some knowledge gaps related to any of the explored materials. Tentative research plan for my PhD studies at uOttawa. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Conducting a rigorous literature review
9 Scope of Work Picking up a research topic in the realm of geotechnical/pavement engineering, i.e., Recycling Conducting a rigorous literature review Identifying key research ideas. Making a proper plan based on literature/recommendations Commencing research process over the next 40 months. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Types of Recycled Materials in Roads
10 Types of Recycled Materials in Roads 1. Plastic Wastes RAS 3. RAP Crumb Rubber “Scrap tires” 5. Crushed-Glass Steel-Slag 7. Mine wastes Foundry sands 9. Coal Comb. Products / Supplementary Cementitious Material: ▪ Fly/Bottom/Pond ash ▪ Petroleum-Contaminated Soil ▪ Oil Sand ▪ Oil shale ash ▪ Pumice Waste / Stones ▪ Brake Shoes Dust ▪ Crushed Clay Masonry & Waste Ceramic Material (WCM) 10.Recycled/ Reclaimed Concrete Aggregate PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

11 1. Plastic Waste Littered plastic (cups, bottles, bags, appliances ) rich in polyethylene PE, Polypropylene PP, Polystyrene PS, Polyvinylchloride PVC, Polyethylene terephthalate substances Used as stabilizer in SG, an additive to aggregates in HMA [1, 2]. Added to HMA in 2 ways: - Wet: shredding it into pellets or chopping into smaller sizes, & mixed with asphalt % of AC wt.[3]. Mixing time & temperature are associated with type of plastic polymer and binder [4]. - Dry: as an ingredient to aggregate as ratio of wt. of mix [5]. • Wet outstrips dry method in easiness & applied shearing forces to ensure dispersing of the plastic chips [4]. • Result in ↑ stability, ↓ density [6], ↓ flow, ↑resistance to rutting, ↑ resilient modulus, ↑ tensile strength [7] PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Cont. 2 types of Polyethylene plastic: LDPE & HDPE.
12 Cont. 2 types of Polyethylene plastic: LDPE & HDPE. HDPE preferred over LDPE for thriving mechanical properties HMA [6]. LDPE rate reaches 30% in replacement of fine agg. In HMA [5]. HDPE better stabilizer in SG than geotextiles ( %) & less expensive [8]. % ↑ , viscosity of AC↑, PEN↓, SP↑, Temp Susceptibility ↓ [7]. When heated & mixed with agg., a thin coating film similar to bitumen film developed. Once added to AC, bonding property is enhanced, physical compositions virgin AC is slightly transmuted. Subsequently, stronger affinity to virgin AC & thus water induced damage is minimized [1] More influential on SP than rubber [9] PE Flakes reflect better lab performance than PE pellets. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

13 Cont. Field observation on plastic-modified roads are of acceptable performance [1]. With other additives, (Fly ash), it improves strength through high CBR [11]. Recycled Plastic Pins, RPPs, characterized by its preferred modulus of elasticity & high creep resistance used to stabilize embankments & to prevent landslides [12]. In Vancouver, Plastic-derived wax mixture developed & laid off roads in 2012. refining recyclable plastic into wax substance ↓ Mixing Temp → minimize carbon footprint ↓ gas emission Questions : CIPR ??? Foamed HMA ??? Long term performance ??? PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

2. Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS)
14 2. Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) 2 groups: fiberglass & organic shingles. Composed of varying rates of mineral fibers, mineral fillers,ultra-tiny ceramic–coated granule,& 30% AC in avg [14, 13] In Ontario, organic shingles have recently been produced with stiffer AC [15]. In general, % AC :19% to 31% [16]. Fiberglass cheaper, AC about 15% less than organic [14]. Aim is to ↓ % of virgin AC [17]. 9.4% (dry), 7.7% -8.0% (wet )[14]. In road construction, RAS is in 2 types: Manufacture shingles: post manufacturing / pre-consumer RAS [17] obtained after manufacturing when shingles rejected & cut as scrap [17] Tear-offs shingles: post-consumer RAS obtained from C&D activities [17] Underwent aging due to temperature and sunlight [18] PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Cont. RAS Preparation for pavement applications :
15 Cont. RAS Preparation for pavement applications : Collecting, & conducting polarized light microscopy test to assess amount of asbestos ( ≤ 1% at any case ) Cleaning of any debris (nails, woods, plastic.) Pulverization/grinding into uniform size 2.35 to 12.5mm. [14] Some studies indicated typical ground size of 9.5mm [4] or 12.5mm [15] Screening of any unwanted sizes [14]. Sorting out RAS of different source in needed for proper design &implementations %AC in pre-consumer < %AC in Tear-offs %AC in RAS is what matters NOT % of RAS Different RAS sources : AC ranged from 14.6% to 36.7% [16]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

16 Cont. 5% max, In Ontario, rate limited based on properties of RAS [15]. Wet process, RAS pulverized to a uniform size of (-0.075mm) & mixed with virgin AC for ºC. Then added to hot agg. to produce HMA [14]. Research studies on RAS have not been given enough attention in Canada [13]. 5% as drain-down additive in SMA showed satisfactory fatigue resistance [16]. Tear-offs BETTER in resisting rutting than post manufacturing [16] Post manufacturing BETTER in resisting fatigue than Tear-offs [16] Thus, less viscous AC in RAS-modified HMA recommended to overcome low-temp. cracking due to High stiffness [17]. Better than RAP in enhancing HMA properties When used with RAP, 3% is suggested [13]. RAS: Air blown AC at % ≤ 5 times % in RAP [14]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

17 Cont. Recommended to evaluate performance of different % of RAS from field trials rather than lab mixes owing to interaction between components [18] RAS + RAP ↑ both high & low temp. of AC. Higher temp grade : good to sustain rutting, Increased low-temp. grade: pavement more vulnerable to a low-temp. cracking. ↓ of 6ºC in low-temp. grade suggested [16]. 5% RAS + 25% RAP demonstrated acceptable performance. [19] In Ontario, 3% RAS with RAP provided acceptable results. [13] 1.5% RAS +13.5% RAP of 800m segment in Canada showed good skidding resistance by pendulum tester [13]. Improvement in Tensile strength, rutting resistance, stripping resistance Cracks observed over pavements with a high rate of RAS [17]. Fuel gas emission expected to reduce by 11% when RAS incorporated in pavement [16]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

3. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)
18 3. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Pavements undergone sever traffic & climate conditions without maintenance would eventually exhibit several surface defects & unfavorable users-related conditions that at the end will need to be scarified, removed and recycled. Recycling can be executed partially or fully with inclusion of virgin AC and/or an additive or a rejuvenator to restore the properties of aged binder [46]. RAP is the largest recyclable material being in use in North American. [13]. USA: 80% of 100 Million tons of RAP reclaimed & reused each year [47] Represent 8% of total recycled material between 2004 & 2006 in ON. [15]. Characteristics vary from source to source according to [48] : Type & properties of aggregates material, % AC, AC stiffness PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

19 3. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Up to 25% in HMA provide acceptable performance as new materials [48]. 15%-25%: reducing the grade on both low and high temperature by 6ºC. [48] 3% RAS ‘suggested’ + 20% RAP → low temp. grade rise by 6ºC Reduce low temp. PG [16]. Stiff AC in RAP help resist rutting but makes HMA prone to low temp. cracking [48]. One very concerned question : effective % of aged AC effectively interacting with new AC in HMA? Is RAP ‘black agg’ & AC is inert ? No approach has been so far used for correct measure of degree of interaction between aged and virgin AC in RAP mixes [49] PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

20 3. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) High % is not a common practice Avg. % in USA : 12% [49]. Up to 40% being used in Minnesota MTO allow 15% ACWC, 30% ACBC, Up to 50% depends on quality Contractors are claimed to use higher rate, causing premature failure [50]. New-Brunswick: 40%, British Columbia, Manitoba & Saskatchewan: No limitations Rutting Concern if > 30% Fatigue high rates inconclusive [48]. In base + subbase application, Not more than 20% due to strength concern Utilization in beneath layers inhibits monitoring for longer time Performance monitored 2-3years in most researches, trend over longer period suggested PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

4. Scrap Tires (Crumbed Rubber)
21 4. Scrap Tires (Crumbed Rubber) Produced through milling process of shredded tires to reduce size of tire pieces. conducted in 2 ways: ambient temperature or ambient temperature moisturized with water, or freezing temperature [20]. In HMA applications, it is added in 2 ways: Wet: asphalt rubber is produced by mixing AC with crumbed rubber where rubber particles are swollen into the binder. Dry: 1 – 3% crumbed rubber as fine agg. before charging AC into the final mixture which called rubberized asphalt [5, 20]. Waste fiber acquired from crumbing process tires used in SMA to reduce the drain down phenomenon [5]. ITS is a better indicator of change in strength with/without rubber [9]. It has pronounced effect of both, high & low temp. grade of AC 1% ↑ results in 1.2ºC -1.5ºC & 0.2ºC ↑ in high &low temp. grade respectively [21]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

22 Cont. 10% of wt. of AC is recommended to maintain AC viscosity at 135ºC [21]. Wet is preferred in producing consistent mixture, workable, better lab & field results ( temp.drop down & cracks with dry method ) [22]. As % of rubber ↑, %OBC ↑ & density ↓ due to the light oil in the rubber which reduce the coating ability of the binder. high RAP rate needed with Crumbed rubber to overcome stripping concern [23]. 10% is optimum for CBP, 30-40% suggested for light app. As sidewalks [23]. Performance of rubberized high temp. still needs to be evaluated [6]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

23 5. Crushed Glass From building maintenance & reconstruction, glassware, automobile windows [24]. Used in SG, SB,BC, & HMA [24]. Fine crushed (<4.75mm) effective in enhancing HMA properties. [25]. Coarse not preferred due to potential gradation change during mixing / compaction. Cost-effective substitution in subbase [26]. % is limited to 15% with granular type A base Insufficient amount of recycled glass inhibit its use in Canada [15]. little experience caused by the lack of understanding performance of this material when incorporated in various pavement applications [25]. with 80% RCA, 20% is optimal. Beyond it workability/ compaction issue [26]. Cautions with CBR for base applications [24]. Low absorption % of fine glass reduce bonding, thus additive as lime suggested at 2% [5, 27]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

24 6. Steel Slag Produced at steel factories when lime flux mixed with Iron ore. Chemical composition of produced slag + cooling down process is what identifies type of slag [3]. Classified into 2groups, Metallurgic & Phosphoric slag. Metallurgical is in 2 types ; ferrous and nonferrous. Ferrous characterized by its black color & of 2 types, blast furnace & steel smelting slag [28]. Steel-smelting slag composed of a compound mixture of silicates & oxides that hardens & become a strong solid after cooling down [29]. Used in: HMA, BC, SG stabilization [3]. MTO allows only using slag with a maximum of 30% RAP in granular A type base However, slag is not permitted in subbase [15]. Expansion issue: efforts by steel manufacturers to enhance the quality of the produced slag, industry are still reluctant to take on further utilization in Ontario. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

25 Cont. Change in volume results in potential swelling & poses a premature cracking [30]. In HMA, it is recommended to be used as fine or coarse agg. to control VTM & reduce potential flushing [29]. 25% found optimal for rutting resistance. Still up to 75% can be used [29]. higher rate effect E [29]. In subbase, owing to the expansion behavior of steel slag, a slight increase in the resilient modulus ↑ at 10%. 20%, modulus value dropped and cracks observed due to expansion issue [31]. Substantial resistance to moisture-induced damage & skid resistance, high durability & rutting resistance outweigh the problem of the heavy specific gravity of HMA which in turns increases transportation cost [3]. . PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

26 7. Mining Wastes Produced during mining ore operations at mine sites before & after processing of a materials such as coals, & gold, marble processing . Properties depend largely on type of processed rocks, type of mining process # 1 source of solid waste material in Ontario [15]. Usually situated in remote areas and cause increasing delivery cost. Field trails with mining waste revealed serious leaching issue [15]. Marble Dust: represent a rate 20% - 40% of the entire marble production [95, 96] & utilized as a filler Quarry waste is another mining waste produced during agg. Processing in quarries before any washing taking a place: 20% in base, or 30% in subbase proved to provide acceptable results [32] PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

27 8. Foundry / Molding Sand by-product of ferrous & nonferrous metal casting industry. [33]. fine grained material of a high-quality silica of uniform size & considerable cleanliness. [33]. When it becomes impractical to reuse it in foundries, it is considered for road works [34]. In subbase, embankments & in backfills as flowable fills Not recommended for HMA as a result of high heavy metallic substances [34]. However, MTO allow a maximum of 15% in HMA because of some moisture-induced damage concerns. However, it is not recommended for base/subbase application anymore as some technical and environmental ramifications have been reported [15]. It is usually modified with other additives as lime, cement, ash to enhance its prop. [34]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

9. Coal Combustion Products / Supplementary Cementitious Materials
28 9. Coal Combustion Products / Supplementary Cementitious Materials Fly-Ash defined as a residual non-plastic substance from burning coal compound in power generation plant [9, 35] disposed of as a slurry in landfills Moderate % of heavy metals and ultra-tiny particles promote it as filler in HMA [35]. Common types : Type C : high calcium content. type E :low calcium content [35]. In CIPR: used in 8-12% compared to 1-3% lime & cement [36]. Type C: Used with RAP in 40% [37]. In cement-stabilized base: 25% of the 12% cement recommended [38]. MTO allows Only 10% in HMA [15]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Cont. Bottom-Ash derived from the power plants or furnaces
29 Cont. Bottom-Ash derived from the power plants or furnaces It has the advantages of being of high resistance to skidding due to its angular glassy surface [3]. fly ash preferred over bottom ash but usage of bottom ash overweight fly ash in terms of the instant increase in resilient modulus of the material [39]. Due to its glassy texture, it is considered a water-hating material requires low % AC [40]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Cont. Oil-Sand / Tar-Sand / Bituminous Sand
30 Cont. Oil-Sand / Tar-Sand / Bituminous Sand by-product of oil sand refining process during crude oil production Accumulated naturally in some regions as a mixture deposit of sand, clay, water with a highly viscous AC World biggest source is in Alberta. In the US, size of deposits, availability of water for the extraction process, compositions of deposit are some of the obstacles hinder exploitation [41]. First use dated back to 1913 in Canada Very little research on utilizing this material in road construction. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Cont. Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
31 Cont. Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Mixture of sand, clay, silt, and a crude product found in the surrounding area of the refinery as a result of oil spills or as a residue in the bottom of oil tanks Available in abundance in region as the Gulf region. Investigated with PEN AC and ACWC by means of Marshall method UP to 20%. Stability + Flow were acceptable Further investigation suggested. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Cont. Oil shale ash Produced from the production process of oil shale
32 Cont. Oil shale ash Produced from the production process of oil shale Used to modify rheological properties of virgin AC Up to 20% examined at high temp by means of DSR and RV. Phase angles demonstrated no impact of low temp behavior. Further analysis suggested [42]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Cont. Pumice Waste Brake Shoes Fine
33 Cont. Pumice Waste Produced during ejection and eruption of the volcano & composed of a variable amount of silica & alumina Characterized by its foamy and glassy texture resulted from the crystal structure of high WA% due to the high % of voids caused by the foamy texture Researches on incorporating in roads are very limited. Non-plastic material & can be used as a stabilizing agent Brake Shoes Fine Produced during brake shoes manufacturing in an automobile industry Used in HMA applications [43]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

10. Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA)
34 10. Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) by-product of crushing of concrete rubbles during the demolition of concrete components in reconstruction and/or renovations activities [45]. through the reconstruction of concrete roads and bridges for instance Used in base, subbase, HMA, slop protections Rich in quality aggregates bonded together with a cementitious paste [3]. of high WA% & low density owing to porosity of cement paste [45]. high porosity causes high binder absorption & thin film thickness Hence, mixes become prone to moisture damage and less durable Used with RAP, and favored over natural agg. in CIPR [44]. According to MTO, RCA commonly with some impurities that should be taken into account when considering this option for recycling in road construction. A proper assessment of the RCA properties needs to be conducted so as to fully comprehend its mechanical properties [15]. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

35 Conclusion Despite all researches on potential use of recycled material in road structure, yet there is mounds of concerns and knowledge gaps that require intensive investigation and assessment to the interest of building better roads and preserving natural resources. PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

36 References 17. Abbas, A. R., Mannan, U. A., & Dessouky, S. (2013). Effect of recycled asphalt shingles on physical and chemical properties of virgin asphalt binders. Construction and Building Materials, 45, 13. Yang, J., Ddamba, S., UL-Islam, R., Safiuddin, M., & Tighe, S. L. (2013). Investigation on use of recycled asphalt shingles in Ontario hot mix asphalt: a Canadian case study. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 41(2), 19. Moon, K. H., Falchetto, A. C., Marasteanu, M., & Turos, M. (2014). Using recycled asphalt materials as an alternative material source in asphalt pavements. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 18(1), 18. Barry, K., Daniel, J. S., Foxlow, J., & Gray, K. (2014). An evaluation of reclaimed asphalt shingles in hot mix asphalt by varying sources and quantity of reclaimed asphalt shingles. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 15(2), 14. Alvergue, A., Elseifi, M., Mohammad, L. N., Cooper Jr, S. B., & Cooper III, S. (2014). Laboratory evaluation of asphalt mixtures with reclaimed asphalt shingle prepared using the wet process. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 15(sup1), 16. Cascione, A. A., Williams, R. C., & Yu, J. (2015). Performance testing of asphalt pavements with recycled asphalt shingles from multiple field trials. Construction and Building Materials, 101, 40. Bassani, M., Santagata, E., Baglieri, O., Ferraris, M., Salvo, M., & Ventrella, A. (2009). Use of vitrified bottom ashes of municipal solid waste incinerators in bituminous mixtures in substitution of natural sands. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 108(1), 44. Rahman, M. M., Cameron, D. A., & Azam, A. H.Recycled clay masonry and recycled concrete aggregate blends in pavement. (pp ) doi: / 21. MacLeod, D., Ho, S., Wirth, R., & Zanzotto, L. (2007). Study of crumb rubber materials as paving asphalt modifiers. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 34(10), 20. Shu, X., & Huang, B. (2014). Recycling of waste tire rubber in asphalt and Portland cement concrete: an overview. Construction and Building Materials, 67, PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

37 References 22. Amirkhanian, S. N. (2001). Utilization of crumb rubber in asphaltic concrete mixtures–South Carolina’s Experience. See ref, 3, 23. Xiao, F., & Amirkhanian, S. N. (2009). Laboratory investigation of moisture damage in rubberised asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 10(5), 32. Ribeiro de Rezende, L., Ramos da Silveira, L., Lima de Araújo, W., & Pereira da Luz, M. (2013). Reuse of fine quarry wastes in pavement: Case study in Brazil. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26(8), 38. Dimter, S., Rukavina, T., & Dragèevic, V. (2011). Strength properties of fly ash stabilized mixes. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 12(3), doi: /rmpd 39. Lopes, L. S. E., Szeliga, L., Casagrande, M. D. T., & Motta, L. M. G. (2012, March). Applicability of Coal Ashes to Be Used for Stabilized Pavements Base. In GeoCongress sState of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering (pp ). ASCE. 11. Choudhary, A. K., Jha, J. N., Gill, K. S., & Shukla, S. K. (2014, February). Utilization of fly ash and waste recycled product reinforced with plastic wastes as construction materials in flexible pavement. In Geo-Congress (pp ). 37. Saride, S., Avirneni, D., Javvadi, S. C. P., Puppala, A. J., & Hoyos, L. R. (2015). Evaluation of fly ash treated reclaimed asphalt pavement for base/subbase applications. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 45(4), 35. Athanasopoulou, A., & Kollaros, G. (2015). Fly ash exploited in pavement layers in environmentally friendly ways. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 97(1), 34. Yazoghli-Marzouk, O., Vulcano-Greullet, N., Cantegrit, L., Friteyre, L., & Jullien, A. (2014). Recycling foundry sand in road construction–field assessment. Construction and Building Materials, 61, 27. Su, N., & Chen, J. S. (2002). Engineering properties of asphalt concrete made with recycled glass. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 35(4), 25. Disfani, M. M., Arulrajah, A., Bo, M. W., & Hankour, R. (2011). Recycled crushed glass in road work applications. Waste Management, 31(11), . PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

38 References 26. Imteaz, M. A., Ali, M. Y., & Arulrajah, A. (2012). Possible environmental impacts of recycled glass used as a pavement base material. Waste Management & Research, X 24. Arulrajah, A., Ali, M. M. Y., Disfani, M. M., & Horpibulsuk, S. (2013). Recycled-glass blends in pavement base/subbase applications: laboratory and field evaluation. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26(7), 36. Modarres, A., & Ayar, P. (2016). Comparing the mechanical properties of cold recycled mixture containing coal waste additive and ordinary Portland cement. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 17(3), 8. Choudhary, A. K., Jha, J. N., & Gill, K. S. (2010). Utilization of plastic wastes for improving the sub-grades in flexible pavements. Paving Materials and Pavement Analysis, 2. Karmakar, S., & Roy, T. K. (2016). Effect of Waste Plastic and Waste Tires Ash on Mechanical Behavior of Bitumen. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 7. Angelone, S., Casaux, M. C., Borghi, M., & Martinez, F. O. Green pavements: reuse of plastic waste in asphalt mixtures. Materials and Structures, 1-11. 42. Saltan, M., & Fındık, F. S. (2008). Stabilization of subbase layer materials with waste pumice in flexible pavement. Building and Environment, 43(4), 48. Khosla, N. P., Nair, H., Visintine, B., & Malpass, G. (2012). Effect of reclaimed asphalt and virgin binder on rheological properties of binder blends. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 5(5), 317. 47. Solanki, P., Zaman, M., Adje, D., & Hossain, Z. (2013). Field construction and mechanistic performance of hot mix asphalt containing reclaimed asphalt pavement. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 6(4), 403. 46. Doyle, J. D., & Howard, I. L. (2012). Factors affecting the measurement of effective specific gravity for reclaimed asphalt pavement. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 5(2), . PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

39 References 45. Paranavithana, S., & Mohajerani, A. (2006). Effects of recycled concrete aggregates on properties of asphalt concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 48(1), 1-12 29. Asi, I. M., Qasrawi, H. Y., & Shalabi, F. I. (2007). Use of steel slag aggregate in asphalt concrete mixes. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 34(8), 28. Krayushkina, K., Prentkovskis, O., Bieliatynskyi, A., & Junevičius, R. (2012). Use of steel slags in automobile road construction. Transport, 27(2), 31. Saghafi, B., Nageim, H. A., VisuliosMPhil, P., & Ghazireh, N. (2012). Use of waste limestone dust and steel slag in UK highways type 1 unbound mixtures. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Construction Materials, 166(2), 3. El-Assaly, A., & Ellis, R. (2001). Evaluation of recycling waste materials and by-products in highway construction. The International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 8(4), 5. Huang, Y., Bird, R. N., & Heidrich, O. (2007). A review of the use of recycled solid waste materials in asphalt pavements. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52(1), 6. Aziz, M. M. A., Rahman, M. T., Hainin, M. R., & Bakar, W. A. W. A. (2015). An overview on alternative binders for flexible pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 84, 43. Dong, Q., & Huang, B. (2013, March). Laboratory Evaluation on the Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Concrete Incorporating Industrial Waste. In Pavement and Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation (pp ). ASCE. 9. Tuncan, M., Tuncan, A., & Cetin, A. (2003). The use of waste materials in asphalt concrete mixtures. Waste management & research, 21(2), 4. Kalantar, Z. N., Karim, M. R., & Mahrez, A. (2012). A review of using waste and virgin polymer in pavement. Construction and Building Materials, 33, 49. Copeland, A. (2011). Reclaimed asphalt pavement in asphalt mixtures: state of the practice (No. FHWA-HRT ). PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

40 References 30. Aiban, S. A. (2005). Utilization of steel slag aggregate for road bases. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 34(1), 1-11. 12. Khan, M. S., Hossain, S., & Kibria, G. (2015). Slope Stabilization Using Recycled Plastic Pins. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 41. Vrtis, M. C., & Romero, P. (2015, June). Creating a Performance-Based Asphalt Mix Design to Incorporate Oil Sand. In Airfield and Highway Pavements 2015 (pp ). 33. foundry sand 15. LVM-JEGEL. State of The Aggregate Resource In Ontario Study (SAROS) – Paper 4. Ontario: Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Print. 50. Hesp, Simon. Interview with Lisa Laco. Superior Morning with Lisa Laco. CBC. 8 May 2015. 51. PAVEMENT SURFACE CONDITION RATING MANUAL (2012.). Retrieved November 29, 2014, from PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Thanks Questions, Comments !
41 Thanks Questions, Comments ! PAGE INTÉRIEURE ÉBAUCHE (DOCUMENT NON FINALISÉ) À lire avant d’utiliser le gabarit NOTE : Les éléments du gabarit suivants ne peuvent être modifiés : • Entête organisationnelle grenat (Université d’Ottawa | University of Ottawa) • Pied de page organisationnel comprenant la bande grise et grenat ainsi que le logo, à l’exception de l’adresse Web qui peut être modifiée en suivant les étapes suivantes : dans le document PowerPoint, cliquez sur l’onglet View, puis sélectionnez Slide Master. Sur le menu d’affichage (à gauche), sélectionnez la troisième diapositive et inscrivez la nouvelle adresse sur celle-ci. INSIDE PAGE DRAFT ONLY (FILE NOT FINAL) Read before using template NOTE: The following elements of the template should remain untouched and cannot be modified: • Corporate (Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa) garnet header • Corporate uOttawa footer including the grey/garnet stripe and logo, with the exception of the URL which can be customized to a specific URL by following these simple steps: On the PowerPoint View tab, in the Master Views group, select Slide Master. Select the third slide on the left side panel, and type in the desired URL on the slide.

Recycled Asphalt Shingles RAS
42 Plastic Wastes It is profoundly important to determine the optimum amount of plastic that gives acceptable behavior of asphalt cement. Laboratory tests on modified binder and HMA would give be of great benefits. The impact on using plastic waste on different PG binders and PEN graded binder which consequently reflect on performance of HMA & the optimum plastic content? Evaluating of rutting resistance with the increasing rate of used plastic. Evaluation of performance of HMA with the inclusion of RAP & Plastic coated aggregates Most researches indicated observation of performance over several years. How to foresee the trend of pavement performance when periodical monitoring is performed. Comparison assessment of plastic warm mixes, foamed asphalt mixes, and CIPR mixes Evaluating the potential recycling of plastic wax asphalt through a suite of laboratory testing and assessing whether any recycled material needs to be incorporated. Recycled Asphalt Shingles RAS Based on laboratory testing, RAS-modified HMA have a comparable performance to RAP modified HMA. However, field observation showed cracks on high rate of RAS. Carrying out an evaluation analysis based on plant and field samples. Studying low temperature cracking developing at high rates of RAS, i.e. > 5% RAS modified HMA demonstrated unfavorable performance at low temperature. Investigating low temperature performance of different HMA mixtures at the permitted rate of 2 – 5% of RAS using Repeated Flexural Bending (4-point) test & Thermal stress restrain tests as they found to provide different results at 3% RAS & 30% RAP Field and laboratory investigation of different combination of RAS & RAP in HMA. This is only if questions are asked…

Reclaimed Asphalt pavement RAP
43 Reclaimed Asphalt pavement RAP Investigate the usage of high rate of RAP in the surface layer. Investigate the impact of utilizing high rate RAP in base course types in MTO? What is the reflected impact on other pavement structure layers? Investigating influence of various high rates of RAP on properties of asphalt mixes of various PG binder and monitoring field performance periodically. Impact of high RAP rate on low temperature behavior of various grades of asphalt cement by means of creep stiffness test, dynamic shear modulus test, 4-point bending test, and thermal stress restrained test. Effects of mixing temperature of the interaction between recovered aged binder and virgin binder and its implications on HMA properties? A monitoring period of more than 3 years should be considered as most researches looked at performance in 1 to 3.5 years. Assessing inclusion of high rates of RAP with base material. Repeated modulus test, fatigue and etc. where inconsistent results found in literature. The control over the used rate of RAP by contractor, comparison can be made between several plant/field produced HMA from different contractor, a minimum of 3, and assessing change with properties, do some lab testing to verify design Crumbed Rubber ( Scrap Tires ) Adding crumb rubber to base and subbase materials. The recent inception of the first scrap tires factory in Libya, Misurata, is another opportunity to investigate incorporating of ground rubber into local sub-base and base materials in Ontario. Rate of < 20% recommended to maintain visco.at 3000MPa, what is the impact of higher rate of low temp cracking/fatigue Performance of HMA on the long run. This is only if questions are asked…

Recycled Crushed Glass
44 Recycled Crushed Glass Modifying HMA with a 10% of glass demonstrated an acceptable performance in relation to rutting. Cracking observed on the shoulder of a 1-year in service road. Can fatigue/thermal testing be executed based on various rates of recycled crushed glass? The influence of adding lime/fly ash to recycled glass in asphalt pavement? In spite of all researches focused on potential substitute of glass in sand and gravel mixtures for sub-base, base, and HMA, very little attention was given to investigate moisture-induced damage. The implication of using more than 15% in base / subbase application. Steel slag Evaluating moisture damage of improved steel slag (Hamilton) at various freezing & thawing cycles. Fly Ash Comparison between CBR & resilient modulus Mr Results of the lab and field sample of CIPR mixture with 10% type C fly ash showed inconsistency. CBR was 66% lower and Mr was 25% lower in the field. The FWD results demonstrated an excruciating decline in strength over merely one rainy season. Further investigation of on moisture damage of CIPR flashed mixture is suggested. performance of different mixtures modified with Fly ash &lime additives found similar despite limited data, how about making a comparison between various mixes in Ontario with lime, fly ash, and the Granite dust investigated by Renato? Bottom ash / Boiler slag Evaluate stripping resistance for a bottom-ash modified asphalt mixture. Influence of adding bottom ash material as a filling material in hot mix asphalt. Pond ash Again, it is to be justified to further investigate the influence of using pond ash on the CBR value of subbase. Assessment of using pond ash in base material. This is only if questions are asked…

Further investigation using different types of asphalt cements.
45 Oil Sand It is believed that further comprehensive analysis of incorporating oil sand in HMA needs to be undertaken. Performance should be observed using available equipment and test procedure for the conventional asphalt mixture. Moisture sensitivity analysis at various freezing and thawing cycles for the modified mixture should be examined. Oil-Shale Ash With PEN graded binder, tested for high temperature performance, it was substantially pronounced that rutting resistance improved, no change observed on elastic behavior as per the phase angle. Low temperature rheological properties need to be assessed. Further investigation using different types of asphalt cements. Pumice aggregate One questionable issue is that the research concluded the 30% of pumice with the reminder 70% of the local material demonstrated the best performance of the subbase despite the lack of testing such as indirect tensile strength & proctor test to optimize the dry density at the optimum moisture content and the effect of adding pumice to highly plastic material on that optimization. Therefore, further investigation should be done in this way Recycled Clay Masonry / Ceramic Waste Material 15% of Ceramic waste with Type B granular subbase was ok. A rate of also 15% with Type A granular base was ok. What impact has the ceramic waste at various rates on the base and subbase material as per MTO specifications requirements? Recycled Crushed Concrete Aggregates When mixed with RAP, significant improvement gained in base layer in Spain. Would it be possible to examine that on local material in Ontario? There is a need to evaluate stripping as the RCA modified mix contains aggregates of high water absorption This is only if questions are asked…

Use of Recycled Waste Materials In Road Construction

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