1. Your Sikh Neighbors

2. Who Are Sikhs?

3. Turbans 99% of people with turbans in US are Sikhs, not Muslims or Hindus Head coverings originating in the Middle East are typically of a different style and are worn for different reasons.

4. History -The Sikh religion was founded by Guru Nanak, who was born in 1469 AD -Sikhism is the youngest and the most modern of the religions being practiced today. -Guru Nanak and the nine Gurus, who succeeded him, set an example of how to live righteous and spiritual lives. -The Gurus provided guidance to the Sikhs for 239 years.

5. © 2001, Sikh Communications Council History Cont. The Tenth and the last Guru, Guru Gobind Singh (1666- 1708AD) initiated the Sikh Baptism ceremony in 1699 AD; and thus gave a distinctive identity to the Sikhs. Guru Gobind Singh prescribed five articles of faith which a Sikh is supposed to always keep with him/her. These five articles are commonly known as Panj Kakars or the 'Five Ks' because they start with letter K representing alphabet Kakka (k) in the Punjabi language. Shortly before passing away the Guru ordained that Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh Holy Scripture would be the ultimate spiritual authority for the Sikhs.

6. © 2001, Sikh Communications Council Holy Scriptures Guru Granth Sahib

7. Beliefs of the Sikhs One god/creator; All religions worship the same god.  All humans created equal Goal is to be one with god Human life a precious blessing All carry a spark of divine light: consequently no race, pigmentation, gender, is intrinsically superior to others Defenders of social and spiritual justice, Truth, fearless,non-hateful spirit are important in attaining salvation

8. Beliefs of the Sikhs Freedom of speech, religion Equal rights in all walks of life for all persons of all faiths and external looks  Note that many countries still ask require religion, race, or nationality on employment applications  Elsewhere, people discriminate based on looks  Compensation based on merit rather than outward differences Justice and liberty for all Origin of universe is from one light source  Life is by god’s evolution  There are many planets, solar systems and galaxies

9. Practices & Holidays 1. Seva: Daily selfless service to humanity 2. Vand Chakna: sharing with others 3. Langar: Community Kitchen, An expression of service to community 4. Kirat Kamaiyee: Honest Labor Honest earnings by hard work Do not become burden on the society 5. Daily Prayers & Meditation No passive mediation Maintain channel of knowledge by actively engaging in the society. Prevent stagnation of social and intellectual skills 6. Introspection connect now, don’t wait for later Bhai Kanyia pioneer of the Red Cross & humanitarian aide organizations

10. Articles of Faith The 5 K’s Kesh - uncut hair: Sikhs do not cut hair or beards to remain in the image that god gave us Kuchha – under-shorts (boxers) to represent modesty and fidelity Kanga - comb, made of wood - to keep uncut hair neat and clean Kara - bracelet, made of steel worn on right hand –a reminder of noble actions, a symbol of eternity Kirpan - ceremonial small blunt knife symbolizing freedom, liberty and justice (Sikhs also have a list of activities they are not to engage in – adultery; consuming tobacco, alcohol or other intoxicants; or cutting their hair)

11. © 2001, Sikh Communications Council Sikh Turbans The Sikh turban is 15 feet of cloth wrapped neatly around the head several times covering the long and uncut hair. Sikhs wear turbans as symbols and reminders of their core values: 1. Discipline 2. Honesty 3. Integrity 4. Ethics 5. Spirituality 6. Humility

12. Importance of Identity Sikhs feel severely humiliated if asked to remove their turban in public, as this breaks a sacred covenant with god and exposes an intimate part of the body It is very insulting and disrespectful to a Sikh to remove his or her turban Turbans are a mandatory part of Sikh faith A turban is not a hat. It cannot be casually taken on and off. It must be carefully retied each time it is removed Treat the turban with respect

13. ORIGINS: Sikhism was founded within the region of five rivers, known as Punjab. This region, where Sikhism was founded, blossomed and formalized as a faith, is now split within the countries of India and Pakistan. 22 million Sikhs worldwide 20 million Sikhs in India INDIA CHINA INDIA AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN IRAN

14. GURDWARA (Place of Worship) Guru Granth Sahib Nishan Sahib Architecture © 2001 Sikh Communications Council, Inc.

15. Inside the Gurdwara Is called a Gurdwara. All are welcome but shoes must be removed and heads covered, sit on the ground to eat and meditate. All are welcome to use the community kitchen.

16. Gurdwara Functions Education : religion, language, history, art, and other subjects are taught Shelter: for stomach, mind, and soul Tranquility: safe place to stay to travelers Prayers & meditation: introspection for the soul Equality: open to all people

17. Holy City Amritsar, India, where the 5th Guru, built the Gurdwaras. The most famous of all the Sikh Gurdwara’s is the Harmandir Sahib. It was embellished with marble and gold leaf and is now known as the Golden Temple. Over the years, the Harmandir Sahib has been the symbol of Sikh strengths, as it has been repeatedly razed, bombed by those wanting to end the Sikhs or force them to convert to an other religion.

18. © 2001, Sikh Communications Council Harmandir Sahib the Golden Temple

19. © 2001, Sikh Communications Council Sikh Symbol

20. Respect for All Protectors of social and spiritual justice for ALL Believers of non-violence Equality of all religions  Give relevance to god rather than religion  Believers of interfaith diversity Equality of persons  Social, spiritual, political rights for all women

21. September 11, 2001 Sikhs grieve with America. Like many, Sikhs lost friends, loved ones and colleagues Sikhs unequivocally condemn the recent terrorist attacks Sikhs continue to donate blood, food, and money, and participate in memorial services At the WTC, Sikh doctors were first on the scene helping save lives

22. First to Help Dr. Navinderdeep Singh Nijher, a fourth year resident Set up the first triage center at ground zero, just in front of one of the collapsed towers. He also helped organize a makeshift morgue in the lobby of the American Express building.

23. An American Hero? Dr Nijher stayed until 2 a.m., mostly treating injured firefighters who had been pulled from the rubble. From there, he went back to the hospital, slept for an hour, and reported for his regular shift at 6 a.m.

24. A Hero’s Welcome? "Every person was staring at me" "People were saying 'There goes one of them now.' Someone yelled 'Go back to your own country!'"

25. Mesa, Arizona Balbir S. Sodhi Former Bay Area Resident Small Businessman

26. Why? "On Sept. 11, America was attacked from abroad," said Maricopa County Attorney Rick Romley "However, with the murder of Mr. Sodhi, we have now been attacked from within."

27. Facts More than 200 Incidents against Sikhs alone have been reported since Sept 11th Swaran Kaur Bhullar's car was idling at a red light when two men on a motorcycle pulled up beside her, yanked open her door and shouted, "This is what you get for what you've done to us!" And then, "I'm going to slash your throat!" She was stabbed in the head at least twice before the men, hearing a car approach, sped off.

28. Victims of Sept 11 Victims: Sikhs have been victims of a hate backlash and harassment because of their appearance Profiling: Sikhs have been victims of racial profiling at airports & on highways Discrimination: harassment, racial profiling and employment discrimination is making it much harder for Sikhs to wear turbans and other articles of faith - a basic constitutional right Mr. Balbir Sodhi was killed in Arizona

29. Why Are Sikhs Targets? HATE BLIND RAGE IGNORANCE MISCONCEPTIONS

30. Similarities? 19 Terrorists 0 with Turbans 0 with Beards 0 were Sikhs Where is the cause for concern?

31. Similarities? Head Coverings? Compare the Turbans

32. Muslim Headcoverings Mideast headcoverings different Not a mandatory religious requirement Very rarely seen in the western hemisphere Viewed as passé by some Muslims

33. Summarizing

34. Questions?