1. The Effect of Artificial Light on Red Clover Seed Growth The Rare Pears Isabella, April, Nikki The Rare Pears Isabella, April, Nikki

2. Our Research Question Which source of artificial light promotes Red Clover seed growth best in comparison to sunlight?

3. Hypothesis Our hypothesis is that the fluorescent light bulb will be the best alternative to sunlight. We predict this because fluorescent light bulbs offer the longest variety of visible wavelengths, which plants obtain normally from the sun. Our hypothesis is that the fluorescent light bulb will be the best alternative to sunlight. We predict this because fluorescent light bulbs offer the longest variety of visible wavelengths, which plants obtain normally from the sun.

4. Equipment and Materials Halogen bulb (60 watt) Fluorescent bulb ( 60 watt) Soft white bulb (60 watt) Three empty cabinets Halogen bulb (60 watt) Fluorescent bulb ( 60 watt) Soft white bulb (60 watt) Three empty cabinets Four cups Ruler Distilled water Soil 3 desk lamps 20 red clover seeds

5. Procedure We first let our red clover seeds soak in water overnight. The next morning, some of the radicles had emerged! We first let our red clover seeds soak in water overnight. The next morning, some of the radicles had emerged!

6. Procedure We labeled our four cups sunlight, fluorescent, halogen, and soft white. We planted five seeds into each cup about half-way down into the soil. We then set up our three lamps in three different cabinets so that each group of sprouts would only get that one kind of artificial light. We labeled our four cups sunlight, fluorescent, halogen, and soft white. We planted five seeds into each cup about half-way down into the soil. We then set up our three lamps in three different cabinets so that each group of sprouts would only get that one kind of artificial light.

7. Procedure The sunlight seeds were our constant, so we put them on a windowsill to grow. Each lamp was placed 24 cm away from the top of the cups. The lamps were turned on at 8 am and were turned off at 4 pm for a period of two weeks. The sunlight seeds were our constant, so we put them on a windowsill to grow. Each lamp was placed 24 cm away from the top of the cups. The lamps were turned on at 8 am and were turned off at 4 pm for a period of two weeks.

8. Measurements During class time, one of us would come in and measure the plants while one of us would record. The first plants to spring up were the plants under the soft white bulb, the halogen bulb, and the fluorescent bulb. During class time, one of us would come in and measure the plants while one of us would record. The first plants to spring up were the plants under the soft white bulb, the halogen bulb, and the fluorescent bulb.

9. Soft-White’s Effect From the graph you can see that there was steady growth up to the 14th day. However, by the 14th day, the red clover plants were shriveled and dieing. We believe this to be because the soft-white bulb was giving off more heat than the other two light bulbs. From the graph you can see that there was steady growth up to the 14th day. However, by the 14th day, the red clover plants were shriveled and dieing. We believe this to be because the soft-white bulb was giving off more heat than the other two light bulbs.

10. Final Results: Soft-White

11. Halogen’s Effect The red clover under the halogen bulb also had steady growth. The red clover seeds under the halogen bulb grew fast. By the 14th day, the red clover plants were also shriveled and mostly all of the sprouts were dead. The red clover under the halogen bulb also had steady growth. The red clover seeds under the halogen bulb grew fast. By the 14th day, the red clover plants were also shriveled and mostly all of the sprouts were dead.

12. Final Results: Halogen

13. Fluorescent’s Effect The red clover under the fluorescent bulb also had steady growth By the 14th day, the sprouts seemed to be healthy enough to stand, and their blades were fuller and greener in comparison to the soft-white and the halogen red clover. The red clover under the fluorescent bulb also had steady growth By the 14th day, the sprouts seemed to be healthy enough to stand, and their blades were fuller and greener in comparison to the soft-white and the halogen red clover.

14. Final Results: Fluorescent

15. Sunlight’s Effect The red clover under sunlight had steady growth, but they did not grow as fast as the red clover under artificial light By the 14th day, however, the plants were much healthier in comparison to the red clover under the three artificial lights. The red clover under sunlight had steady growth, but they did not grow as fast as the red clover under artificial light By the 14th day, however, the plants were much healthier in comparison to the red clover under the three artificial lights.

16. Final Results: Sunlight

17. Experimental Errors Around day 9, the sunlight pot fell off the third floor at the dorms. The plants were rescued, but this caused measurement errors. The halogen plants when watered on day 10 were accidentally flooded, and we believe that one of the halogen sprouts died because of this. Around day 9, the sunlight pot fell off the third floor at the dorms. The plants were rescued, but this caused measurement errors. The halogen plants when watered on day 10 were accidentally flooded, and we believe that one of the halogen sprouts died because of this.

18. Conclusion Out of the three sources of artificial light, the fluorescent bulb gave the closest results to the constant, sunlight. The red clover under the artificial lights experienced more growth to their apical meristems causing them to grow tall, but the lack of growth in the lateral meristems caused the plants to become unable to support themselves. The red clover under the sunlight had steady growth in the apical and lateral meristems. Out of the three sources of artificial light, the fluorescent bulb gave the closest results to the constant, sunlight. The red clover under the artificial lights experienced more growth to their apical meristems causing them to grow tall, but the lack of growth in the lateral meristems caused the plants to become unable to support themselves. The red clover under the sunlight had steady growth in the apical and lateral meristems.

19. Questions?