1. STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS Life Science LEOCE review

2. NOS Key terms

3. What is the measurement of the leaf in MM?

4. What is the measurement of the leaf in MM? 36 mm

5. What could cause a Scientific theory to be modified? New scientific discoveries are often based on previous data or concepts Theories are based on the best available evidence, but they may change as new evidence is discovered

6. Things to remember A hypothesis is a statement or prediction It is not a question It is not directions It is not results You need to have a control group Only test one thing at a time Repeat the experiment Experiment should be able to be replicated

7. Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine. The table shows their results: a)Hypothesis: b)Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = c)Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = d)Experimental group: e)Control group: f)Conclusion:

8. Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine. The table shows their results: a)Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a stimulant b)Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = c)Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = d)Experimental group: e)Control group: f)Conclusion:

9. Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine. The table shows their results: a)Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a stimulant b)Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate c)Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = d)Experimental group: e)Control group: f)Conclusion:

10. Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine. The table shows their results: a)Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a stimulant b)Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate c)Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = amounts of caffeine ( 35mg and 120mg) d)Experimental group: e)Control group: f)Conclusion:

11. Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine. The table shows their results: a)Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a stimulant b)Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate c)Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = amounts of caffeine ( 35mg and 120mg) d)Experimental group: 35mg and 120mg caffeine e)Control group: f)Conclusion:

12. Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine. The table shows their results: a)Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a stimulant b)Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate c)Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = amounts of caffeine ( 35mg and 120mg) d)Experimental group: 35mg and 120mg caffeine e)Control group: 0 mg caffeine f)Conclusion:

13. Sophie and Bob wanted to know if the amount of caffeine in energy drinks will affect their heart rate. They used energy drinks with the same ingredients but with different amounts of caffeine. The table shows their results: a)Hypothesis: 120 mg caffeine will cause the heart to increase because caffeine is a stimulant b)Outcome variable (dependent variable) What is measured = heart rate c)Test variable ( independent variable ) What is tested or changed = amounts of caffeine ( 35mg and 120mg) d)Experimental group: 35mg and 120mg caffeine e)Control group: 0 mg caffeine f)Conclusion: Drink C with 120 mg caffeine caused the heart rate to increase to 119 beats per minute Drink B with 35 mg caffeine caused the heart rate to increase to 78 beats per minute Drink A with 0 mg caffeine caused the heart rate to increase to 69 beats per minute Drink C with the most caffeine had the highest heart rate and was recorded as 50 beats per minute higher than Drink A with no caffeine. Therefore, caffeine caused the heart rate to increase.

14. How many days does it take for the plant height to more than double?

15. Mike wants to find out which color water will take longer to heat up. He poured 20ml of blue water, 20ml of black water, and 15ml of red water into separate beakers and then poured clear water into a fourth beaker. He placed the blue and black water in the driveway, clear water on the patio and red water in the shade. He checked the temperature of the beakers in the driveway at 2 pm and all other beakers were checked at 4 pm.

16. ERRORS: Used different amounts of water Placed beakers in different locations Checked temperature at different times Did not use a thermometer Did not repeat his experiment CORRECT:Pour 20 ml of blue, black, red and clear water into a beaker. Place all beakers on the driveway so they receive the same amount of light. Check the temperature of the beakers at 2pm with a thermometer and record results. Repeat experiment 2 more times.

17. Unit 2 Key Terms

18. State the three parts of the cell theory

19. All living things are made of cells Cell is the basic unit of life All new cells come from other cells

20. Describe how the cell theory developed and changed over time The improvement in microscopes and microscope technology techniques during the last two centuries. Many observations

21. Describe how the cell theory developed and changed over time Collaboration between many other scientists. Scientific theories are based on the best available evidence, but they may change as new evidence is discovered

22. What cell structures are found in plant cells but not animals? Cell wall and chloroplast

23. Describe the function of the following cell parts: Cell wall-stiff structure outside the cell membrane in a plant cell Cell membrane- flexible covering that protects inside of a cell from the outside environment; controls what moves in and out of the cell Nucleus- directs cell activities and contains genetic information Cytoplasm-fluid inside a cell Chloroplast-captures light energy from the Sun, water and carbon dioxide to make food (glucose) Mitochondria- produces energy for the cell Vacuole- stores food, water and waste materials, larger in plants than animals

24. How do cells maintain homeostasis? By moving materials into and out of the cell to maintain a constant balance depending upon external and internal environment Maintaining a fluid balance by regulating the gain and loss of water

25. Describe the procedures you would follow for viewing a specimen with a microscope when changing from low to high power Make sure the specimen is centered in point of view Turn objective lenses while making sure objective does not touch specimen Focus only using fine adjustment knob

26. Unit 3 Key Terms

27. What are the levels of organization in multicellular organisms?

28. What are the main functions of the body systems? Nervous: gathers, processes and responds to information, communication and control Excretory: filters waste from the blood and regulate the levels of fluid in the body Musculoskeletal: helps support the body,enables the body to move and helps protect internal organs

29. What are the main functions of the body systems? Circulatory: moves materials throughout the body Digestive: breaks down food and absorbs nutrients for the body Respiratory: provides the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

30. Describe the path that food as it travels through the body Mouth esophagus stomach small intestines Large intestine

31. Describe the path of blood as it travels through the body Heart artery capillary body veins heart

32. Describe how systems interact with each other to maintain homeostasis Nervous systems controls the breathing and heart Muscular systems makes the diaphragm that moves up and down to allow air to enter and leave the lungs Skeletal system protects vital organs

33. Describe how systems interact with each other to maintain homeostasis Circulatory system moves oxygen from the lungs to cells in the body using the Respiratory system Most oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange occurs between the Respiratory and the Circulatory systems

34. Unit 4 Heredity and Reproduction Key words

35. In guinea pigs black fur is dominant and white fur is recessive. Draw a Punnett Square that shows the cross between a homozygous dominant guinea pig with a heterozygous guinea pig. What percentage of the offspring will be black? What percentage of the offspring will be white?

36. Homozygous Heterozygous BB dominant bb recessive Bb dominant Punnett Squares shows us the possible combination of alleles each offspring might inherit Possible genotypes

37. Determine the percentages of offspring that will be tall TT X Tt

38. What would the phenotypes be for these? What are the ways to get recessive traits?

39. Describe the relationship between the nucleus, chromosome and genes Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a cell and genes are located on chromosomes

40. Asexual Sexual Identical to parent Similar to their parent since offspring are a mixture of traits. Compare the offspring produced Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation asexual does not

41. Mitosis Meiosis Compare/Contrast the results of mitosis and meiosis Mitosis produces twice as many chromosomes as the parent cell Produces 2 identical daughter cells Produces 4 similar daughter cells

42. Using pedigree label the generations and determine carriers

43. Unit 5 Key terms